Kidney Functions and Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys?

Balancing blood pH

Concentrating wastes for expulsion

Regulating fluid and water balance

Producing red blood cells (correct)

What is the term 'renal' specifically related to?

The urinary bladder

The kidney (correct)

The ureter

The urethra

Which of the following correctly describes the position of the kidneys in mammals?

Both kidneys sit below the diaphragm and behind the spleen

The right kidney sits lower than the left to accommodate the liver (correct)

The left kidney sits lower than the right kidney to accommodate the liver

Both kidneys are at the same level, adjacent to the spleen

Urine is approximately how much more concentrated than blood?

4 times more concentrated Signup and view all the answers

From which source does the fluid for urine primarily come?

Extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

Upon reaching approximately 600mL in the urinary bladder, what typically occurs?

Urine is involuntarily released Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural order of the kidney, from outer to inner?

Renal cortex, medulla, renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental function of a nephron?

To serve as the basic filtering unit of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary difference in ammonia excretion between bony fish and other organisms?

Bony fish secrete ammonia directly in a dilute form. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the conversion of ammonia to urea primarily occur in mammals?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous waste product is characterized by its low toxicity and high solubility, allowing for efficient storage and transport?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of producing uric acid as a nitrogenous waste product?

It requires a high amount of energy to produce. Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous waste product is excreted as a semi-solid paste, conserving water?

Uric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between osmoregulation and excretion?

Osmoregulation aids in the removal of waste via the excretory system. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it beneficial for birds to excrete uric acid?

It is lightweight and minimizes water loss, aiding flight. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of animal would likely produce more urea and require more water for waste excretion?

Carnivores with a high protein diet Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What condition triggers the release of insulin from the pancreas?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

They are antagonistic hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of glucagon's action on the liver?

Increased breakdown of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes involves an immune system attack on insulin-producing cells?

Type I Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glucose levels when insulin is released?

They decrease. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does glucagon have on blood glucose levels?

It raises them. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would trigger the secretion of glucagon?

Low blood glucose levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone involved in the regulation of oogenesis?

Luteinizing hormone Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a fertilized egg shortly after fertilization?

It requires human chorionic gonadotropin to develop properly. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does menopause have on a woman's reproductive hormones?

They drop significantly. Signup and view all the answers

During which portion of the reproductive cycle does fertilization occur?

In the oviduct after ovulation. Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for an egg to be fertilized?

Sperm must penetrate the layer of follicle cells surrounding the egg. Signup and view all the answers

How long can an egg survive after being ovulated if not fertilized?

12 to 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What action takes place to help move the egg through the oviduct?

Ciliary movement in the oviduct Signup and view all the answers

What role does human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) play during early pregnancy?

It supports the implantation and development of the embryo. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sensory receptors in the nervous system?

Detecting stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for integrating sensory input?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuron carries signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands?

Efferent neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a neuron receives signals and transmits them to the cell body?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What does the autonomic nervous system primarily control?

Involuntary bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is involved in the body's response to stress?

Sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Where are interneurons primarily located?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the afferent system in the peripheral nervous system?

Receiving input from body receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT synthesized in the posterior pituitary gland?

Thyroxine (T4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Increasing water reabsorption in kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

Stimulating the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of Growth Hormone (GH)?

Stimulating protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of gigantism?

Increased muscle mass with weaker muscles Signup and view all the answers

What causes the bone thickening associated with acromegaly?

Increased secretion of growth hormone in adults Signup and view all the answers

In the thyroid regulation feedback loop, what is released by the anterior pituitary?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

How does thyroxine (T4) affect metabolism?

Increases oxygen consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of iodine deficiency on the thyroid gland?

Swelling of the thyroid gland , known as a goiter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct function of the thyroid gland?

Promoting milk production in mammary glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

To stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?

Promoting the darkening of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of prolactin (PRL)?

Stimulating breast development and milk production Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of endorphins on the nervous system?

Inhibit the perception of pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct effect of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)?

To directly stimulate growth Signup and view all the answers

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Description

Test your knowledge on the primary functions of kidneys, their anatomical position, and the processes of urine production. This quiz covers important concepts related to renal physiology and the differences in nitrogenous waste excretion across species.