Kidney Function: Reabsorption & Secretion

Process of removing solutes and water from tubular fluid to blood.

The liquid in the kidney's tubules.

Fluid surrounding the tubules.

Drugs secreted into the tubule from blood.

Cells lining the renal tubules.

Removal of a drug from the body, primarily through the kidneys into urine.

Excretion of drugs by the kidneys.

Small blood vessel in the nephron where filtration occurs.

Cells, proteins, and large molecules are not filtered by the glomerulus.

Water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules are filtered into Bowman's space.

Enzymes in the liver responsible for breaking down (metabolizing) drugs and other substances.

Drugs that increase the activity of LMEs, leading to faster metabolism of other drugs.

Drugs that decrease the activity of LMEs, leading to slower metabolism and higher drug levels.

Inducers can decrease drug effectiveness by speeding up metabolism, so the dosage may need to be increased.

Inhibitors can increase drug toxicity by slowing down metabolism, leading to higher drug levels in the body.

The process of changing lipophilic (fat-soluble) drugs into more polar (water-soluble) forms for easier excretion.

The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism, handling about 75% of the process.

Inactive drugs that become active after being metabolized by the body.

A family of enzymes that catalyze many Phase I oxidation reactions during drug metabolism.

Metabolic reactions that introduce or reveal polar groups (like OH, NH2, COOH) on drug molecules, increasing water solubility.