Kidney Function and Disorders

The kidneys, located on either side of the spine, contribute only 0.5% of the total body weight.

The kidneys are positioned between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.

The kidneys receive a significant 20% of the blood pumped by the heart.

Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the tiny functional units responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

A healthy Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is around 120 +/- 25 mL/min for males, reflecting how efficiently the kidneys filter blood.

A healthy Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is around 95 +/- 20 mL/min for females, reflecting how efficiently the kidneys filter blood.

The normal range for serum creatinine concentration is 0.8 to 1.3 mg/dL, indicating healthy kidney function.

Normal serum osmolality measures between 280 to 290 mOsm/kg, reflecting the balance of solutes and water in the blood.

The normal range for plasma potassium concentration is between 3.5 and 5 millimoles per liter.

The normal range for intracellular potassium concentration is between 135 and 145 millimoles per liter.

The normal urine osmolality in response to hypernatremia is between 1000 and 1200 mOsm/kg.

The range of hydrogen concentration compatible with survival is between 16 and 120 nanoequivalents per liter.

The minimum urine pH is 4.5.

The kidneys excrete 50 to 100 milliequivalents of hydrogen per day.

The average daily dietary potassium intake is between 80 and 120 millimoles.

The normal GFR range is between 80 and 120 mL/min.

The normal urine output is 0.5 mL/kg/hour.

An increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours is a criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).

A 50% increase in serum creatinine compared to baseline within 7 hours is also a criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).

A urine volume of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours is a criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).

A GFR above 90 is classified as Stage 1 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

A GFR range of 60-89 is classified as Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

A GFR range of 30-59 is classified as Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

The kidneys are strategically placed between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae, near the spine.

The normal range for serum creatinine concentration is 0.8 to 1.3 mg/dL, indicating healthy kidney function.

The normal range for plasma potassium concentration is between 3.5 and 5 millimoles per liter.

The normal range for intracellular potassium concentration is between 135 and 145 millimoles per liter.

The normal urine osmolality in response to hypernatremia is between 1000 and 1200 mOsm/kg.

The range of hydrogen concentration compatible with survival is between 16 and 120 nanoequivalents per liter.

The minimum urine pH is 4.5.

The kidneys excrete 50 to 100 milliequivalents of hydrogen per day.

The average daily dietary potassium intake is between 80 and 120 millimoles.

The normal GFR range is between 80 and 120 mL/min.

The normal urine output is 0.5 mL/kg/hour.

An increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours is a criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).

A 50% increase in serum creatinine compared to baseline within 7 hours is also a criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).

A urine volume of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours is a criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).

A GFR above 90 is classified as Stage 1 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

A GFR range of 60-89 is classified as Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

Two-thirds of total body water is intracellular fluid.