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Questions and Answers
What is the correct order of kidney development in humans?
What is the correct order of kidney development in humans?
- Metanephros, Mesonephros, Pronephros
- Pronephros, Metanephros, Mesonephros
- Pronephros, Mesonephros, Metanephros (correct)
- Mesonephros, Metanephros, Pronephros
The metanephros is non-functional in humans and only exists during embryonic development.
The metanephros is non-functional in humans and only exists during embryonic development.
False (B)
Which type of kidney is the functional kidney in amniotes?
Which type of kidney is the functional kidney in amniotes?
- Pronephros
- Archinephros
- Mesonephros
- Metanephros (correct)
What structure in the bladder is formed from parts of the mesonephric ducts?
What structure in the bladder is formed from parts of the mesonephric ducts?
The pronephros is functional in adults.
The pronephros is functional in adults.
What develops from the middle portion of the nephrotome?
What develops from the middle portion of the nephrotome?
The ______ is the temporary middle kidney critical for early blood filtration.
The ______ is the temporary middle kidney critical for early blood filtration.
Match the following types of kidneys with their descriptions:
Match the following types of kidneys with their descriptions:
What is the estimated range of nephrons per kidney in mature humans?
What is the estimated range of nephrons per kidney in mature humans?
The __________ is a small knot or cluster of capillaries situated closely to the nephrotome.
The __________ is a small knot or cluster of capillaries situated closely to the nephrotome.
The bladder and urethra are derived from the mesonephric duct.
The bladder and urethra are derived from the mesonephric duct.
Which statement is true regarding the development of the urinary tract?
Which statement is true regarding the development of the urinary tract?
Match the type of kidney with its characteristics:
Match the type of kidney with its characteristics:
What are the two primordial mesodermal derivatives involved in the development of the metanephros?
What are the two primordial mesodermal derivatives involved in the development of the metanephros?
The pronephros is the most advanced form of kidney.
The pronephros is the most advanced form of kidney.
At what gestational weeks are all branches of the ureteric bud and nephronic units formed in humans?
At what gestational weeks are all branches of the ureteric bud and nephronic units formed in humans?
In some lower vertebrates, the pronephros is essential for survival.
In some lower vertebrates, the pronephros is essential for survival.
The definitive adult kidney is known as the ______.
The definitive adult kidney is known as the ______.
The _____ induces the mesenchyme to form tubular and glomerular epithelia around the fifth week of gestation.
The _____ induces the mesenchyme to form tubular and glomerular epithelia around the fifth week of gestation.
What is the role of nephrostomes in the pronephros?
What is the role of nephrostomes in the pronephros?
Match the following structures with their derivatives:
Match the following structures with their derivatives:
When does the development of the bladder begin?
When does the development of the bladder begin?
The ureteric bud grows out of the Wolffian duct and invades the metanephric blastema.
The ureteric bud grows out of the Wolffian duct and invades the metanephric blastema.
What structure divides the cloaca into the rectum and urogenital sinus?
What structure divides the cloaca into the rectum and urogenital sinus?
What structures are formed from the pelvic part in males?
What structures are formed from the pelvic part in males?
The pronephros serves as the definitive kidney in humans.
The pronephros serves as the definitive kidney in humans.
What becomes of the allantois during fetal development?
What becomes of the allantois during fetal development?
The __________ is a remnant of the urachus found in adults.
The __________ is a remnant of the urachus found in adults.
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
What are the three sequential structures involved in kidney organogenesis?
What are the three sequential structures involved in kidney organogenesis?
Where does the pronephros develop in the embryo?
Where does the pronephros develop in the embryo?
Match the following kidney structures with their characteristics:
Match the following kidney structures with their characteristics:
What does the ureteric bud primarily develop into?
What does the ureteric bud primarily develop into?
The pronephros is fully functional in humans.
The pronephros is fully functional in humans.
What process allows the renal tubules to join with collecting ducts?
What process allows the renal tubules to join with collecting ducts?
The definitive kidney that becomes functional in later gestation is known as the ______.
The definitive kidney that becomes functional in later gestation is known as the ______.
Match the kidney structures with their respective functions:
Match the kidney structures with their respective functions:
At what gestational week does the development of the metanephros begin?
At what gestational week does the development of the metanephros begin?
The archinephros is a modern kidney structure found in mammals.
The archinephros is a modern kidney structure found in mammals.
From which structure does the bladder originate?
From which structure does the bladder originate?
Which nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Which nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
The fourth arch contributes to the formation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
The fourth arch contributes to the formation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
What structures are derived from the third pharyngeal pouch?
What structures are derived from the third pharyngeal pouch?
The _______ nerve innervates the root of the tongue.
The _______ nerve innervates the root of the tongue.
Match the following arches with their derivatives:
Match the following arches with their derivatives:
Which artery is associated with the fourth arch on the left side?
Which artery is associated with the fourth arch on the left side?
The second pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the Eustachian tube.
The second pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the Eustachian tube.
What structure develops from the first pharyngeal pouch?
What structure develops from the first pharyngeal pouch?
Flashcards
Metanephric kidney development
Metanephric kidney development
The process of kidney development, involving interactions between the ureteric bud and metanephric blastema.
Ureteric bud
Ureteric bud
An epithelial outgrowth from the Wolffian duct that initiates kidney development.
Metanephric blastema
Metanephric blastema
A group of mesenchymal cells that respond to the ureteric bud, differentiating into nephrons.
Nephrons
Nephrons
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Differentiation
Differentiation
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Urogenital sinus
Urogenital sinus
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Trigone region
Trigone region
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Uro-rectal septum
Uro-rectal septum
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Pronephros
Pronephros
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Mesonephros
Mesonephros
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Metanephros
Metanephros
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Urogenital ridge
Urogenital ridge
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Trigone
Trigone
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Ureter
Ureter
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Archinephric kidney
Archinephric kidney
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Archinephric ducts
Archinephric ducts
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Glomerulus
Glomerulus
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Nephrostome
Nephrostome
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Pronephric duct (Wolffian duct)
Pronephric duct (Wolffian duct)
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AGM Zone (Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros)
AGM Zone (Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros)
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Mesonephros organogenesis
Mesonephros organogenesis
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Median Umbilical Ligament
Median Umbilical Ligament
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Trigone of the Bladder
Trigone of the Bladder
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Kidney
Kidney
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Facial Nerve's Role in Taste
Facial Nerve's Role in Taste
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Third Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives
Third Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve and Taste
Glossopharyngeal Nerve and Taste
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Fourth Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages
Fourth Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages
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Fourth Pharyngeal Arch Muscles
Fourth Pharyngeal Arch Muscles
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Superior Laryngeal Nerve's Role
Superior Laryngeal Nerve's Role
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Sixth Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages
Sixth Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages
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Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve's Role
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve's Role
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Archinephros
Archinephros
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Metanephrogenic Blastema
Metanephrogenic Blastema
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Branching Morphogenesis
Branching Morphogenesis
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Kidney Development Induction
Kidney Development Induction
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Study Notes
Kidney Development
- Embryonic folding during the fourth week of development initiates the urinary tract, forming the urogenital ridge.
- This ridge differentiates into two systems: the nephrogenic cord (forming the urinary system) and the gonadal ridge (forming the reproductive system).
- Kidney development proceeds through three sequential phases:
- Pronephros: Non-functional in humans, a temporary blueprint of the kidney structure that appears first, and then degenerates.
- Mesonephros: A functional kidney in some lower vertebrates, temporarily filtering blood. It is found in fish and amphibians and regresses in humans.
- Metanephros: The permanent kidney in adult humans, developing in the fifth week of gestation.
Kidney Stages
- The nephrons in the metanephros form as a result of an inductive interaction between the ureteric bud (an outgrowth of the Wolffian duct) and the metanephric blastema (a cluster of mesenchymal cells).
- The ureteric bud forms the collecting ducts in the kidney.
- Metanephric blastema forms into the nephron structures.
- Metanephric kidney development continues until the 32nd/36th week of gestation, marking the fully functional definitive kidneys.
Bladder Development
- The urinary bladder develops from the urogenital sinus, a part of the cloaca initially shared for waste.
- The urorectal septum divides the cloaca into two segments, eventually leading to the formation of parts of the reproductive and digestive systems.
- The mesonephric ducts connect to the cloaca and contribute to the trigone region of the bladder.
- The ureteric bud connects to the bladder, also from the mesonephric ducts, and forms the ureters.
- By the fourth to seventh week, the cloaca divides into the urogenital sinus and anal canal.
Kidney Functions
- Primary role: Excretory and homeostatic regulation.
- Evolved to maintain internal high osmolarity as vertebrates migrated to freshwater.
- Functions: removing metabolic wastes (e.g., salts, uric acid), managing the excretion and absorption of salts and fluids, and regulating internal fluid concentration.
Kidney Organogenesis
- A stepwise process involving three structures: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros.
- Processes involved: cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis, differentiation, changes in shape, and cell migration.
- Signaling molecules are required during these processes.
Primitive and Evolutionary Kidneys
- Archinephros: hypothetical ancestral kidney found in primitive vertebrates (hagfishes and caecilians).
- Provides a basis for understanding vertebrate kidney evolution.
Ureter, Renal Pelvis, Bladder Development
- Ureteric bud produces most of the kidney's collecting system.
- The bladder develops from the cloaca.
Additional Notes
- The metanephric blastema develops into the nephrons (functional units of the kidney).
- By the 32nd week, the kidney structures are in place, but continue to mature after birth.
- Approximately 2 million nephrons are present in adult humans.
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Description
Explore the intricate stages of kidney development including pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. Understand how the urogenital ridge differentiates and the role of inductive interaction in nephron formation. This quiz covers embryonic development focused on the urinary system.
