Kidney Anatomy and Imaging Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical location of the top of the kidneys?

  • At the level of the middle ribs in the back
  • At the level of the highest ribs in the back
  • At the level of the abdomen
  • At the level of the lowest ribs in the back (correct)
  • Which scanning technique can determine the size of the kidneys most accurately?

  • Ultrasound
  • Planar scintigraphy
  • SPECT using DMSA (correct)
  • All of the above are equally accurate
  • What is the reason for the 'horseshoe kidney' abnormality?

  • The depth of the kidney
  • The position of the scan
  • The size of the kidney
  • The orientation of the kidney (correct)
  • What is the best view for diagnosing a 'horseshoe kidney'?

    <p>Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of 'polycystic disease' on the kidneys?

    <p>The kidneys become larger due to the cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the term 'ptotic' in the context of kidney anatomy?

    <p>The kidney is lower than usual in the upright position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>To produce renin, which regulates blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the swelling of the kidney due to the backup of urine?

    <p>Hydronephrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the cardiac output is required for normal kidney function?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the formation of a 'new bladder' using a segment of the small intestine (ileum) after the removal of the bladder due to cancer?

    <p>Neobladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the percentage of plasma that passes through the glomerulus into the renal tubules?

    <p>Filtration fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the kidneys?

    <p>To understand the cause of renovascular hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common radiopharmaceutical used for functional renal imaging?

    <p>Tc-99m DTPA (pentetate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose and timing of captopril administration for a renal scintigraphy procedure?

    <p>25-50 mg captopril, 1 hour before radiopharmaceutical injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiopharmaceutical is the best choice for visualizing intraparenchymal lesions in the kidneys?

    <p>Tc-99m DMSA (succimer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended waiting time before starting imaging after administering Tc-99m DMSA?

    <p>6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical pattern seen on a renogram when there is a collecting system obstruction?

    <p>The radiopharmaceutical is retained in the renal calyces even after administration of furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the total kidney capacity?

    <p>(Age + 2) x 30 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiopharmaceutical is an inulin analog used for assessing glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Tc-99m DTPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a diuretic renogram study, if the washout activity from the collecting system has a clearance half-time of less than 10 minutes, it is most likely indicative of:

    <p>Dilated but unobstructed kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding ACE inhibitor (ACEI)-augmented renal studies?

    <p>They are performed in patients suspected to have renovascular hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following views is best for demonstrating a horseshoe kidney?

    <p>Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the injection of $^{67}$Ga-citrate, imaging can begin at which time point?

    <p>6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position should the technologist take images of a patient with a ptotic (descended) kidney?

    <p>Supine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of clearance for Tc-99 MAG3?

    <p>Tubular secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiopharmaceutical is used to assess effective renal plasma flow?

    <p>Tc-99 MAG3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for renal scintigraphy with ACE inhibitor augmentation?

    <p>Renal artery stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiopharmaceutical is excreted mainly through glomerular filtration?

    <p>Tc-99 DTPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a half-time clearance of longer than 20 minutes in diuretic renal imaging?

    <p>Obstructed kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiopharmaceutical is used for direct retrograde radionuclide cystography to evaluate vesicoureteral reflux?

    <p>Tc99 pertechnetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiopharmaceutical has superior imaging characteristics due to its high first-pass extraction fraction?

    <p>Tc-99 MAG3</p> Signup and view all the answers

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