Kidney Anatomy and Imaging Techniques Quiz

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What is the typical location of the top of the kidneys?

At the level of the middle ribs in the back

At the level of the highest ribs in the back

At the level of the abdomen

At the level of the lowest ribs in the back (correct)

Which scanning technique can determine the size of the kidneys most accurately?

Ultrasound

Planar scintigraphy

SPECT using DMSA (correct)

All of the above are equally accurate

What is the reason for the 'horseshoe kidney' abnormality?

The depth of the kidney

The position of the scan

The size of the kidney

The orientation of the kidney (correct)

What is the best view for diagnosing a 'horseshoe kidney'?

Anterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of 'polycystic disease' on the kidneys?

The kidneys become larger due to the cysts Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term 'ptotic' in the context of kidney anatomy?

The kidney is lower than usual in the upright position Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

To produce renin, which regulates blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the swelling of the kidney due to the backup of urine?

Hydronephrosis Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the cardiac output is required for normal kidney function?

20-25% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the formation of a 'new bladder' using a segment of the small intestine (ileum) after the removal of the bladder due to cancer?

Neobladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the percentage of plasma that passes through the glomerulus into the renal tubules?

Filtration fraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the kidneys?

To understand the cause of renovascular hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common radiopharmaceutical used for functional renal imaging?

Tc-99m DTPA (pentetate) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose and timing of captopril administration for a renal scintigraphy procedure?

25-50 mg captopril, 1 hour before radiopharmaceutical injection Signup and view all the answers

Which radiopharmaceutical is the best choice for visualizing intraparenchymal lesions in the kidneys?

Tc-99m DMSA (succimer) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended waiting time before starting imaging after administering Tc-99m DMSA?

6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pattern seen on a renogram when there is a collecting system obstruction?

The radiopharmaceutical is retained in the renal calyces even after administration of furosemide Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the total kidney capacity?

(Age + 2) x 30 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which radiopharmaceutical is an inulin analog used for assessing glomerular filtration rate?

Tc-99m DTPA Signup and view all the answers

In a diuretic renogram study, if the washout activity from the collecting system has a clearance half-time of less than 10 minutes, it is most likely indicative of:

Dilated but unobstructed kidney Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding ACE inhibitor (ACEI)-augmented renal studies?

They are performed in patients suspected to have renovascular hypertension. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following views is best for demonstrating a horseshoe kidney?

Anterior Signup and view all the answers

After the injection of $^{67}$Ga-citrate, imaging can begin at which time point?

6 hours Signup and view all the answers

In which position should the technologist take images of a patient with a ptotic (descended) kidney?

Supine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of clearance for Tc-99 MAG3?

Tubular secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which radiopharmaceutical is used to assess effective renal plasma flow?

Tc-99 MAG3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for renal scintigraphy with ACE inhibitor augmentation?

Renal artery stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which radiopharmaceutical is excreted mainly through glomerular filtration?

Tc-99 DTPA Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a half-time clearance of longer than 20 minutes in diuretic renal imaging?

Obstructed kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which radiopharmaceutical is used for direct retrograde radionuclide cystography to evaluate vesicoureteral reflux?

Tc99 pertechnetate Signup and view all the answers

Which radiopharmaceutical has superior imaging characteristics due to its high first-pass extraction fraction?