Podcast
Questions and Answers
Based on the acknowledgments, what was a significant contribution made by the author's son, Ben Haley, to the book?
Based on the acknowledgments, what was a significant contribution made by the author's son, Ben Haley, to the book?
- Offering insights based on his experiences as a student. (correct)
- Assisting with the design and development of the Companion Website.
- Providing scientific expertise related to Isaac Asimov's works.
- Proofreading the manuscript to identify grammatical errors and inconsistencies.
According to the provided text, what types of questions are included in the Test Bank for instructors?
According to the provided text, what types of questions are included in the Test Bank for instructors?
- Short-answer questions and case studies.
- Essay questions and group discussion prompts.
- Multiple-choice and short-answer questions. (correct)
- Multiple-choice and true/false questions.
What is the primary purpose of the Language in Mind Companion Website for students?
What is the primary purpose of the Language in Mind Companion Website for students?
- To provide access to instructor-only resources and materials.
- To offer a range of activities, study tools, and coverage of additional topics. (correct)
- To enable students to purchase the eBook version of Language in Mind, Second Edition.
- To facilitate online registration for instructor access to the Instructor’s Resource Library.
What does it mean that the questions in the Instructor's Resource Library are referenced to Bloom's Taxonomy?
What does it mean that the questions in the Instructor's Resource Library are referenced to Bloom's Taxonomy?
Why does Julie Sedivy thank her husband, Ian Graham, in the acknowledgments?
Why does Julie Sedivy thank her husband, Ian Graham, in the acknowledgments?
What formats are the figures and tables in the Instructor’s Resource Library provided in?
What formats are the figures and tables in the Instructor’s Resource Library provided in?
What action does the author suggest the reader perform before reading the book, and what is the likely purpose of this action?
What action does the author suggest the reader perform before reading the book, and what is the likely purpose of this action?
Where can students find more information about accessing the eBook version of Language in Mind, Second Edition?
Where can students find more information about accessing the eBook version of Language in Mind, Second Edition?
Which design feature of language explains our ability to form new and unique words and sentences that can still be understood?
Which design feature of language explains our ability to form new and unique words and sentences that can still be understood?
A person using language to spread misinformation is an example of which design feature of language?
A person using language to spread misinformation is an example of which design feature of language?
The ability to learn and use multiple languages demonstrates which design feature of language?
The ability to learn and use multiple languages demonstrates which design feature of language?
Which of Hockett's design features is best illustrated by the fact that the word 'dog' does not inherently resemble a canine?
Which of Hockett's design features is best illustrated by the fact that the word 'dog' does not inherently resemble a canine?
If you use language to discuss language itself, which design feature are you employing?
If you use language to discuss language itself, which design feature are you employing?
The cries of monkeys and apes are limited and for specific purposes. What feature described by Hockett is strikingly absent from primate vocalizations?
The cries of monkeys and apes are limited and for specific purposes. What feature described by Hockett is strikingly absent from primate vocalizations?
Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of different predators. What design feature of language do these calls exhibit?
Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of different predators. What design feature of language do these calls exhibit?
The fact that 'tap', 'pat', and 'apt' have different meanings despite using the same sounds exemplifies which design feature of language?
The fact that 'tap', 'pat', and 'apt' have different meanings despite using the same sounds exemplifies which design feature of language?
Why is focusing solely on current psycholinguistic theories considered inadequate for comprehensive understanding?
Why is focusing solely on current psycholinguistic theories considered inadequate for comprehensive understanding?
If a research team aims to determine if language disorders are more common in English speakers versus Mandarin speakers and understand why, which combination of specialists would be most effective?
If a research team aims to determine if language disorders are more common in English speakers versus Mandarin speakers and understand why, which combination of specialists would be most effective?
What would be the primary role of a linguist in a research project investigating whether parrots truly understand language or merely mimic it?
What would be the primary role of a linguist in a research project investigating whether parrots truly understand language or merely mimic it?
According to the content, what distinguishes language from other human activities like playing chess or designing bridges?
According to the content, what distinguishes language from other human activities like playing chess or designing bridges?
Which perspective does the content present regarding the origins of language?
Which perspective does the content present regarding the origins of language?
If language is considered an innate instinct, how could this perspective influence the study of language acquisition in children?
If language is considered an innate instinct, how could this perspective influence the study of language acquisition in children?
Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between genetics and language, as suggested in the content?
Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between genetics and language, as suggested in the content?
What is the significance of humans engaging in activities like reciting poems, negotiating treaties, and holding criminal trials in the context of language?
What is the significance of humans engaging in activities like reciting poems, negotiating treaties, and holding criminal trials in the context of language?
Which methodological challenge is most significant when determining if apes understand the meaning of a word?
Which methodological challenge is most significant when determining if apes understand the meaning of a word?
How does the communicative behavior of apes raised in human environments typically differ from those in the wild?
How does the communicative behavior of apes raised in human environments typically differ from those in the wild?
What does the term 'displacement', as evidenced in ape communication, refer to?
What does the term 'displacement', as evidenced in ape communication, refer to?
What does the example of a chimpanzee blaming messes on others illustrate about ape communication?
What does the example of a chimpanzee blaming messes on others illustrate about ape communication?
What is 'productivity' in the context of ape language, and which example best demonstrates it?
What is 'productivity' in the context of ape language, and which example best demonstrates it?
Why have efforts to teach apes to use vocal sounds for communication been largely unsuccessful?
Why have efforts to teach apes to use vocal sounds for communication been largely unsuccessful?
In language acquisition, how do comprehension skills compare to production skills in trained apes?
In language acquisition, how do comprehension skills compare to production skills in trained apes?
What is the most significant impact of human environments on the language skills of apes?
What is the most significant impact of human environments on the language skills of apes?
Vervet monkeys demonstrate a developmental asymmetry in their communication skills. Which statement best describes this?
Vervet monkeys demonstrate a developmental asymmetry in their communication skills. Which statement best describes this?
Seyfarth and Cheney highlight the subtle information primates extract from communicative signals. Which experimental example best illustrates this?
Seyfarth and Cheney highlight the subtle information primates extract from communicative signals. Which experimental example best illustrates this?
How does the study of vervet monkeys' alarm calls relate to Hocket's design features of language, specifically 'semanticity' and 'arbitrariness'?
How does the study of vervet monkeys' alarm calls relate to Hocket's design features of language, specifically 'semanticity' and 'arbitrariness'?
Considering the baboon experiment, which of Hocket's design features of language is most directly challenged?
Considering the baboon experiment, which of Hocket's design features of language is most directly challenged?
If researchers found that baboons respond differently to a threat-grunt depending on the context (e.g., food scarcity vs. mating season), which aspect of primate communication would this primarily highlight?
If researchers found that baboons respond differently to a threat-grunt depending on the context (e.g., food scarcity vs. mating season), which aspect of primate communication would this primarily highlight?
How do the communication patterns observed in vervet monkeys and baboons contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary origins of human language?
How do the communication patterns observed in vervet monkeys and baboons contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary origins of human language?
Imagine a new study reveals that vervet monkeys exposed to human speech from a young age develop a more diverse range of alarm calls. Which long-debated question regarding language evolution would this finding most directly address?
Imagine a new study reveals that vervet monkeys exposed to human speech from a young age develop a more diverse range of alarm calls. Which long-debated question regarding language evolution would this finding most directly address?
Considering the limited ability of non-human primates to combine communicative elements productively, which aspect of human language acquisition would be most difficult to replicate in primate studies?
Considering the limited ability of non-human primates to combine communicative elements productively, which aspect of human language acquisition would be most difficult to replicate in primate studies?
Why do chimpanzees fail to follow pointing cues, even though they are capable of making subtle inferences in other situations?
Why do chimpanzees fail to follow pointing cues, even though they are capable of making subtle inferences in other situations?
In the experiment where a human experimenter tried to retrieve food from buckets but couldn't reach it, what inference were chimpanzees able to make?
In the experiment where a human experimenter tried to retrieve food from buckets but couldn't reach it, what inference were chimpanzees able to make?
According to Tomasello and his colleagues, what is the key difference between chimpanzees and humans in the context of communication?
According to Tomasello and his colleagues, what is the key difference between chimpanzees and humans in the context of communication?
What is considered the 'magic moment' in the evolution of language, according to some researchers?
What is considered the 'magic moment' in the evolution of language, according to some researchers?
Why might chimpanzees choose randomly between two containers, even with a helpful pointing cue?
Why might chimpanzees choose randomly between two containers, even with a helpful pointing cue?
In an experiment, an experimenter shakes one of two containers, but it produces no rattling sound. What does a chimpanzee infer from this?
In an experiment, an experimenter shakes one of two containers, but it produces no rattling sound. What does a chimpanzee infer from this?
What does the experiment involving shaking containers and the competitive situation with buckets reveal about chimpanzees' cognitive abilities?
What does the experiment involving shaking containers and the competitive situation with buckets reveal about chimpanzees' cognitive abilities?
The ability to understand communicative intentions may have refined cognitive skills and motivational drives for what purpose?
The ability to understand communicative intentions may have refined cognitive skills and motivational drives for what purpose?
Flashcards
Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics
Empirical study of language: how we produce, understand, and acquire it.
Scientific theories
Scientific theories
Statements about the world that can be tested through observation and experimentation.
Companion Website
Companion Website
An online resource that provides students with activities, study tools and coverage of additional topics.
Instructor’s Resource Library
Instructor’s Resource Library
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Test Bank
Test Bank
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Bloom's Taxonomy
Bloom's Taxonomy
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eBook
eBook
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Key Terms
Key Terms
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Drawbacks of Memorization?
Drawbacks of Memorization?
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Universality of Language
Universality of Language
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Language as Innate Instinct
Language as Innate Instinct
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Animal Communication
Animal Communication
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Uniquely Human Activities
Uniquely Human Activities
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Language Scientists
Language Scientists
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Language's Distinction
Language's Distinction
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Defining Human Trait
Defining Human Trait
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Arbitrariness (in language)
Arbitrariness (in language)
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Discreteness (in language)
Discreteness (in language)
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Displacement (in language)
Displacement (in language)
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Productivity (in language)
Productivity (in language)
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Traditional Transmission
Traditional Transmission
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Duality of Patterning
Duality of Patterning
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Prevarication
Prevarication
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Reflexiveness (in language)
Reflexiveness (in language)
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Environment's Role in Ape Communication
Environment's Role in Ape Communication
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Displacement
Displacement
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Comprehension skills
Comprehension skills
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Coined words
Coined words
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Ape vocal limitations
Ape vocal limitations
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Symbolic Deception
Symbolic Deception
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Production vs. Comprehension in Apes
Production vs. Comprehension in Apes
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Asymmetry in Primate Communication
Asymmetry in Primate Communication
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Vervet Monkey Alarm Call Learning
Vervet Monkey Alarm Call Learning
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Vervet Call Adaptation
Vervet Call Adaptation
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Subtleties in Primate Communication
Subtleties in Primate Communication
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Baboon Status Hierarchy
Baboon Status Hierarchy
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Individual Recognition in Baboon Calls
Individual Recognition in Baboon Calls
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Baboon Call Experiment Design
Baboon Call Experiment Design
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Baboon Social Awareness
Baboon Social Awareness
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Chimp Understanding of Pointing
Chimp Understanding of Pointing
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Communicative Intention
Communicative Intention
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Chimp Inference Abilities
Chimp Inference Abilities
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Hare & Tomasello Experiment
Hare & Tomasello Experiment
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"Magic Moment" in Language Evolution
"Magic Moment" in Language Evolution
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Chimp Pointing Cue Failure
Chimp Pointing Cue Failure
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Understanding Communicative Intentions
Understanding Communicative Intentions
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Refined Cognitive Skills
Refined Cognitive Skills
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Study Notes
- Julie Sedivy thanks her daughter Katharine Sedivy-Haley for science and learning discussions, her son Ben Haley for insights from his student experiences, and her husband Ian Graham for understanding her book-writing process.
Media and Supplements
- An ebook version of Language in Mind, Second Edition, is available.
- A free companion website for students, oup.com/us/sedivy2e, offers web activities, "Language at Large" modules, flashcards, key terms, chapter outlines, web links, further readings, and a glossary.
- Instructors can access the Instructor’s Resource Library online with registration, which includes textbook figures, tables, and a test bank.
Science and Language
- The more you learn about how language works, the more insights and questions about language you can generate.
- Psycholinguistics involves memorizing current theories and findings.
- Assemble a team of language scientists to determine whether language disorders are more prevalent in English-speaking populations than in Mandarin-speaking populations, and if so, why, one could, or determine whether parrots can really learn and understand language, or if they simply mimic it.
Origins of Human Language
- Language is unique to humans.
- Language is a defining trait of being human and might be part of our DNA.
- One view is that language is an innate instinct.
Design Features of Language
- Arbitrariness: Associations between language and the world are arbitrary.
- Discreteness: Language units are separate.
- Displacement: Language communicates about things not present.
- Productivity: Language can be used to say new things.
- Traditional transmission: Language is learned through exposure.
- Duality of patterning: Meaningful units are made by combining elements.
- Prevarication: Language can be used to make false statements.
- Reflexiveness: Language can refer to itself.
- Learnability: Users can learn different languages.
Primate Vocalizations
- Primates' vocal communication is limited.
- Monkeys and apes don’t have inventiveness in communication.
- Vervet monkeys use distinct alarm calls for different predators.
- These calls show semanticity and arbitrariness.
- Primates are more flexible in interpreting signals than producing them.
- Young vervets don’t initially understand alarm call meanings.
- Vervets can learn to understand other species' alarm calls.
Baboon Communication Study
- Baboons have a strict status hierarchy.
- Higher-status baboons intimidate lower-status baboons.
- Researchers created auditory stimuli with threat-grunts and screams.
Ape Language Studies
- Studies involve teaching apes language through formal sessions or raising them like human children.
- It's essential to determine when apes know the meaning of a word.
- Environment matters, as apes raised in human environments show more human-like communication.
- Apes can master hundreds of words or symbols.
- They use symbols for various functions, including commenting on the world.
- Apes demonstrate displacement by referring to objects not present.
- Some apes use symbolic skills to lie.
- Apes show productivity.
- Koko the gorilla created "finger bracelet" for a ring.
- Washoe the chimpanzee called a Brazil nut a "rock berry."
- Apes comprehend more readily than producing language.
- Apes have limited vocal control.
Understanding the Communicative Urge
- Chimpanzees often ignore helpful pointing cues regarding food location.
- Chimpanzees can make inferences in some situations but fail to understand pointing as communication.
- Chimpanzees don't understand that pointing involves an intention to communicate to help.
- Understanding communicative intentions represents a crucial point in language evolution.
- Cognitive skills and motivational drives refined for communication.
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