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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of emotional intelligence according to Daniel Goleman's model?
Which of the following best defines self-awareness in the context of emotional intelligence?
What aspect of emotional intelligence pertains to the ability to inspire and manage conflict?
How does emotional intelligence (EQ) challenge the traditional view of intelligence (IQ)?
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What is the role of emotional competencies in Goleman's model of emotional intelligence?
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In the context of emotional intelligence, what does self-management refer to?
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Which statement accurately describes social awareness within emotional intelligence?
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What does the term emotional dissonance refer to in emotional labor?
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What is the significance of the Affective Events Theory in understanding emotional intelligence?
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How does emotional intelligence inform human resources practices?
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Study Notes
Factors Influencing Moods and Emotions
- Individuals tend to be happier during the midpoint of their waking hours.
- Happiness is generally higher toward the end of the week.
- Weather has no significant effect on moods; this is illustrated by the concept of illusory correlation.
- Chronic low-level stress negatively impacts mood.
Sources of Emotions and Moods
- Engaging in social activities, such as physical and dining interactions, boosts positivity.
- Poor sleep quality correlates with increased negative moods.
- Exercise has a mood-enhancing effect, particularly for individuals with depression.
- Older adults often focus more on positive stimuli compared to younger individuals.
- Women generally exhibit more intense emotional expression, longer-lasting moods, and higher frequency of emotional display than men.
Understanding Emotions
- Emotions result from a complex interaction of conscious and subconscious processes involving various facts, experiences, and concepts.
- Emotions are communicated through voice, gestures, and body language.
Emotional Labor
- Defined as the management of emotions to display desired feelings during interpersonal work interactions.
- Emotional labor holds exchange value, as individuals manage their feelings for a wage, following workplace display rules.
Emotional Dissonance
- Refers to the discrepancy between the emotion an employee must show and what they actually feel.
- Long-term emotional dissonance can contribute to burnout, decreased job performance, and increased dissatisfaction.
Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
- Felt emotions represent a person's actual feelings, while displayed emotions are those required by the organization.
- Surface acting involves suppressing genuine emotions while feigning others, leading to emotional exhaustion.
- Deep acting requires individuals to modify their feelings to align with expected displays, involving deeper emotional regulation.
Impact of Emotional Labor
- Emotional dissonance can lead to job burnout, while positive emotional labor enhances job satisfaction.
- Negative outcomes of emotional labor include stress and anxiety, contrasting with positive effects, such as achievement and job satisfaction.
Affective Events Theory (AET)
- AET posits that emotional responses to workplace events significantly affect job performance and overall satisfaction.
- It emphasizes the importance of acknowledging emotions, regardless of their apparent significance.
Strategies for Managers to Influence Moods
- Utilize humor to improve workplace atmosphere.
- Offer small tokens of appreciation to team members.
- Maintain a positive demeanor to set an example for others.
- Prioritize hiring individuals with positive dispositions.
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
- Defined as the ability to monitor one’s own and others' emotions, using this awareness to guide actions.
- EI includes perceiving emotions, understanding their meanings, and regulating emotions effectively.
Evolution of Emotional Intelligence
- EI was popularized by Daniel Goleman’s 1995 book and emphasizes emotional competencies beyond traditional IQ.
- Emotional competencies are crucial for understanding behaviors and enhancing workplace performance.
Constructs of Emotional Intelligence
- Self-awareness: Recognizing personal emotions and their impact on decisions.
- Self-management: Controlling emotions and adapting to changes.
- Social awareness: Understanding and responding to others' emotions and social cues.
- Relationship management: Inspiring and influencing others, managing conflicts effectively.
Development of Emotional Competencies
- Emotional competencies are learned skills rather than innate characteristics.
- Continuous development and practice of these competencies are essential for achieving high performance in emotional intelligence.
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