Keynesian and Neoclassical Economics Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is disposable income?

  • Income after taxes (correct)
  • Wages only
  • Total savings
  • Income before taxes
  • What is an inflationary gap?

    Equilibrium at a level of output above potential GDP

    What is the interest rate?

    The payment for borrowed money

    What is a recessionary gap?

    <p>Equilibrium at a level of output below potential GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coordination argument?

    <p>Downward wage and price flexibility requires perfect information about the level of lower compensation acceptable to other laborers and market participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expenditure multiplier?

    <p>A Keynesian concept that asserts that a change in autonomous spending causes a more than proportionate change in real GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a macroeconomic externality?

    <p>Occurs when what happens at the macro level is different from and inferior to what happens at the micro level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are menu costs?

    <p>Costs firms face in changing prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sticky wages and prices?

    <p>A situation where wages and prices do not fall in response to a decrease in demand, or do not rise in response to an increase in demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Expenditure (or Spending) Multiplier?

    <p>The ratio of the change in GDP to the change in aggregate expenditure which caused the change in GDP; the multiplier has a value greater than one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Marginal Propensity to Consume?

    <p>Percentage of an increase (or decrease) in income which one spends (or reduces spending)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Marginal Propensity to Import?

    <p>Percentage of an increase (or decrease) in income which one spends (or reduces spending) on imported goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Marginal Propensity to Save?

    <p>Percentage of an increase (or decrease) in income which one saves (or reduces saving)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contractionary fiscal policy?

    <p>Efforts to decrease aggregate demand through tax increases or government spending cuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expansionary fiscal policy?

    <p>Efforts to increase aggregate demand through means such as tax cuts to stimulate consumption and investment, or direct increases in government spending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the GDP gap?

    <p>The difference between actual and potential real GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Classical economics?

    <p>Earliest of a number of neoclassical perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Neoclassical economics?

    <p>Any of a number of economic perspectives that believes that the macro economy is inherently stable and that government should not attempt to manage the economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Say's Law?

    <p>'Supply creates its own demand'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is human capital?

    <p>Education, training, and skills possessed by workers that make them more productive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural rate of unemployment?

    <p>Rate that unemployment returns to in the long run, where there is no cyclical unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neoclassical perspective?

    <p>Belief that the level of economic activity is determined primarily by aggregate supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is physical capital per person?

    <p>The amount and kind of machinery and equipment available to help a person produce a good or service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is potential GDP?

    <p>Level of output that can be achieved when all resources (land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability) are fully employed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Keynes' law?

    <p>'Demand creates its own supply'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are neoclassical economists?

    <p>Economists who generally emphasize the importance of aggregate supply in determining the size of the macroeconomy over the long run</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate zone?

    <p>Portion of the SRAS curve where GDP is below potential but not so far below as in the Keynesian zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Keynesian zone?

    <p>Portion of the SRAS curve where GDP is far below potential GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Core Economic Concepts

    • Disposable Income: Income remaining after taxes are deducted, influencing consumer spending.
    • Interest Rate: The cost incurred for borrowing money, impacting investment decisions.
    • Potential GDP: The maximum possible output when all resources are fully utilized.

    Economic Gaps

    • Inflationary Gap: Occurs when the economy operates above its potential GDP, causing upward pressure on prices.
    • Recessionary Gap: Represents a situation where actual output is below potential GDP, suggesting economic underperformance.

    Keynesian Theories and Principles

    • Expenditure Multiplier: A Keynesian concept indicating that a change in autonomous spending results in a more than proportional change in real GDP.
    • Keynes' Law: Asserts that "demand creates its own supply," emphasizing the role of aggregate demand in driving economic activity.
    • Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC): The percentage of additional income that is spent on consumption, which directly influences economic growth.
    • Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS): The fraction of additional income that is saved rather than spent, impacting overall savings and investment in the economy.

    Neoclassical Perspectives

    • Neoclassical Economics: Encompasses theories asserting that the economy is generally stable, advocating minimal government intervention.
    • Say's Law: The principle that supply creates its own demand, highlighting the proactive nature of production in the economy.
    • Natural Rate of Unemployment: The unemployment level achieved when the economy is operating at full potential, devoid of cyclical unemployment.

    Costs and Flexibility

    • Menu Costs: Expenses incurred by firms when adjusting prices, potentially causing price stickiness.
    • Sticky Wages and Prices: Refers to the resistance of wages and prices to adjust in response to changes in supply and demand, complicating economic adjustments.

    Fiscal Policies

    • Expansionary Fiscal Policy: Strategies aimed at increasing aggregate demand through tax reductions or increased government spending.
    • Contractionary Fiscal Policy: Measures intended to decrease aggregate demand via tax hikes or cuts in government expenditure.

    Externalities and Economic Zones

    • Macroeconomic Externality: Arises when macro-level outcomes differ unfavorably from micro-level interactions; for example, a flat aggregate supply despite rising firm-level supply.
    • Intermediate Zone: Segment of the short-run aggregate supply curve where GDP is below potential but not severely, reflecting a state of economic recovery.
    • Keynesian Zone: The portion of the short-run aggregate supply curve where GDP significantly lags behind potential output.

    Capital and Productivity

    • Human Capital: Skills, training, and education possessed by workers that enhance productivity and economic performance.
    • Physical Capital per Person: The quantity and quality of equipment and machinery available to individuals for producing goods and services.

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    Description

    Explore essential terms from Keynesian and Neoclassical economics with this set of flashcards. Each card includes a key economic term along with its definition, providing a quick and effective study tool for students. Ideal for learners looking to grasp fundamental economic concepts and terminology.

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