Key Terms for AI Governance

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Questions and Answers

Match the following AI concepts with their descriptions:

Explainability = Transparency in AI decision-making Exploratory data analysis = Gaining preliminary insights into a dataset Fairness = Equal treatment in AI decisions Federated learning = Training models on local data of multiple devices

Match the AI terms with their respective process or characteristic:

Explainability = Providing information about how AI generates output Exploratory data analysis = Identifying anomalies and relationships in data Fairness = Avoiding adverse impacts on sensitive attributes Federated learning = Aggregating local model updates to improve a global model

Match the given concepts with their most appropriate description:

Explainability = Provides sufficient information about AI system's output Exploratory data analysis = Techniques used before training a machine learning model Fairness = Prioritizes equal treatment of individuals or groups Federated learning = Allows training on local data of edge devices

Match these AI related terms with their main focus or goal:

<p>Explainability = Maintaining transparency and trust in AI Exploratory data analysis = Finding patterns and outliers in datasets Fairness = Ensuring consistent, accurate, and measurable treatment Federated learning = Enabling better privacy and security controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI terms with their definition:

<p>Explainability = How an AI system generates an output or makes a decision Exploratory data analysis = Data discovery process prior to model training Fairness = Attribute of AI system that prioritizes equal treatment Federated learning = Machine learning method that trains models on local edge device data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with the task that they perform:

<p>Explainability = Describes the decision process of AI Exploratory data analysis = Provides preliminary insights to the data Fairness = Aims to avoid disparate impact on sensitive attributes Federated learning = Trains an algorithm on individual datasets on edge devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the given AI concepts to a related function:

<p>Explainability = Allows us to comprehend AI behavior Exploratory data analysis = A method of gaining preliminary knowledge Fairness = Promotes unbiased AI decisions Federated learning = Allows distributed model training</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI terms with their process or property:

<p>Explainability = Key to trust and transparency Exploratory data analysis = Involves pattern and anomaly identification Fairness = Ensures consistent and equal treatment Federated learning = Improves global models while protecting privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI governance terms with their definitions:

<p>Accuracy = Measure of the system's performance in producing correct outputs. Active learning = Algorithm selects some of the data it learns from. Adaptive learning = Tailors educational content to the needs of individual students. Adversarial attack = Manipulating the model by introducing malicious input data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI concepts with their corresponding process:

<p>Accuracy = Evaluates outputs based on input data. Active learning = Selects data points it will learn from. Adaptive learning = Adjusts content to the specific learning pace. Adversarial attack = Introduces malicious data to mislead the model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the AI terms with their respective purposes:

<p>Accuracy = Assess the correctness of generated outputs. Active learning = Enhances model training with strategic data selection. Adaptive learning = Provides individualized support for students. Adversarial attack = Meant to exploit the vulnerabilities of the AI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the AI terms with their application contexts:

<p>Accuracy = Essential in applications requiring high precision like medical diagnosis. Active learning = Relevant in data-scarce learning environments. Adaptive learning = Applied in edTech platforms for personalized instruction. Adversarial attack = Can be significant risk in self-driving cars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each AI term with the relevant process it involves:

<p>Accuracy = Producing correct outputs based on input data. Active learning = Requesting additional data points to aid learning. Adaptive learning = Adjusting and tailoring educational content. Adversarial attack = Introducing deceptive data to cause malfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with the type of impacts they may have:

<p>Accuracy = Affects the reliability and correctness of outputs. Active learning = Improves the model learning strategies. Adaptive learning = Optimizes educational outcomes. Adversarial attack = Can lead to unsafe or incorrect decisions causing harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the AI governance terms to a related concept:

<p>Accuracy = Related to the correctness of an AI model. Active learning = Related to efficient data usage in AI learning. Adaptive learning = Related to personalized instruction techniques. Adversarial attack = Related to security vulnerabilities in AI models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their descriptions:

<p>Trustworthy AI = Emphasizes principles such as security, safety, and transparency in AI development. Turing test = Evaluates AI's ability to mimic human conversation, originally through a written text. Underfitting = Occurs when a model is too simple and misses patterns in training data. Unsupervised learning = Involves training models on unlabeled data to find patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the AI concepts with their key aspects:

<p>Turing test = Focuses on the machine's ability to converse like a human. Underfitting = May result in poor predictive ability and inaccurate outputs. Unsupervised learning = Useful for techniques such as clustering data and outlier detection. Validation data = Used for fine-tuning the parameters of a model and preventing overfitting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their primary purpose or characteristic:

<p>Trustworthy AI = Concerns ethical AI development and governance. Validation data = A subset of the data to assess model performance during training. Underfitting = Indicates a model that is not complex enough to capture data patterns. Unsupervised learning = AI is provided with pre-existing unlabeled datasets to analyze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their core attribute:

<p>Turing test = Assesses machine intelligence against human-like conversational abilities. Underfitting = Signals that the model is too simplistic to model data patterns. Unsupervised learning = Relies on unlabelled datasets to perform classifications. Validation data = Used prior to final model evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their descriptions relating to model training:

<p>Underfitting = Occurs when a model is too simple and does not fit the data well. Unsupervised learning = Uses only unlabeled data. Validation data = Helps prevent overfitting during training. Trustworthy AI = Aims to implement principles of fairness and transparency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each AI concept with its primary function:

<p>Turing test = Assesses ability to mimic human text communication. Underfitting = Results in a model with poor generalization. Unsupervised learning = Discovers patterns in unlabeled data. Validation data = Optimizes model parameters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match these AI terms with their practical significance:

<p>Trustworthy AI = Aims to prevent bias and protect privacy. Turing test = Benchmark for machine intelligence. Underfitting = Leads to inaccurate predictions. Unsupervised learning = Used for data mining and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI applications with their corresponding terms:

<p>Image captioning = Multimodal models Language translation = Natural language processing Image recognition = Neural networks Medical diagnosis = Neural networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the appropriate AI terms:

<p>Uses hidden layers = Neural networks Processes text and images = Multimodal models Measures sentiment = Natural language processing Learns from data = Machine learning model</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI concepts with examples:

<p>Neural networks = Deep learning algorithms Natural language processing = Chatbots Multimodal models = Image and text analysis Machine learning model = Recommendation systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI terms with their primary focus:

<p>Natural language processing = Text understanding Multimodal models = Integration of multiple data types Neural networks = Pattern recognition Machine learning model = Data-driven improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each AI term with its relevant task or function:

<p>Natural language processing = Interpreting human languages Neural networks = Modeling nonlinear relationships Multimodal models = Combining different data modalities Machine learning model = Optimizing performance through training</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions with correct AI models:

<p>Neural networks = Simulates human brain neuron interactions Multimodal models = Handles various data types at once Natural language processing = Translates and understands text and speech Machine learning model = Learns from observed data patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their relevant capabilities:

<p>Natural language processing = Content generation from text Neural networks = Complex data pattern modeling Multimodal models = Image and text merging Machine learning model = Enhanced prediction accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the AI governance terms with their definitions:

<p>Human-in-the-loop = A design paradigm that incorporates human oversight over AI decision-making processes Impact assessment = An evaluation process to document and mitigate implications of an AI system Inference = A type of machine learning process used to make predictions based on input data Interpretability = The ability to present a model's reasoning in human-understandable terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with their related descriptions:

<p>Inference = Using a trained model to make predictions Input data = Data provided to a learning algorithm Human-in-the-loop = Incorporating human intervention in AI operations Impact assessment = Identifying ethical implications of an AI system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their functions in AI systems:

<p>Interpretability = Facilitating understanding of AI models Input data = Basis for machine learning models Impact assessment = Evaluating societal implications Human-in-the-loop = Ensuring human control in AI decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the AI concepts with their focuses:

<p>Inference = Making decisions based on trained models Interpretability = Explaining models' decisions Input data = Data for model training Impact assessment = Understanding implications of AI usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to AI with their descriptions:

<p>Human-in-the-loop = Involves human oversight in AI processes Input data = Essential for machine learning models Inference = Predictive analytics using trained models Impact assessment = Documentation of ethical and legal implications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the AI governance concepts with their characteristics:

<p>Interpretability = Designing models for easier understanding Human-in-the-loop = Emphasizing human control Input data = Crucial element in machine training Impact assessment = Focus on societal effects of AI</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their implications in AI:

<p>Impact assessment = Addressing ethical concerns Inference = Utilizing models for data-driven decisions Human-in-the-loop = Incorporates human feedback Input data = Foundation for learning algorithms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI terms with their respective definitions:

<p>Inference = Process of making predictions with trained models Impact assessment = Evaluates ethical implications of AI deployment Interpretability = Explains reasoning behind AI decisions Human-in-the-loop = Maintaining human control in AI operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts in machine learning with their descriptions:

<p>Open-source software = A decentralized development model providing free access to source code Overfitting = A model that becomes too specific to the training data Oversight = Monitoring and supervising an AI system for compliance Parameters = Internal variables an algorithmic model learns from data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following machine learning processes with their definitions:

<p>Post processing = Steps after model run to adjust outputs Preprocessing = Steps to prepare data for training Model training = The phase where the model learns from data Validation = Testing the model's performance on unseen data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to AI governance with their meanings:

<p>Certification processes = Formal evaluations to ensure compliance Conformity assessments = Evaluations that measure adherence to standards Regulatory authorities = Organizations responsible for enforcement Transparency = Openness about processes and decision-making in AI</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following machine learning techniques with their outcomes:

<p>Parameter tuning = Optimizing model performance by adjusting internal variables Data augmentation = Increasing the diversity of training data Feature scaling = Normalizing the range of independent variables Model ensemble = Combining multiple models for improved accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of model evaluation with their characteristics:

<p>Accuracy = The ratio of correct predictions to total predictions Precision = The ratio of true positives to the sum of true and false positives Recall = The ratio of true positives to the sum of true positives and false negatives F1 Score = The harmonic mean of precision and recall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following data-related terms with their purposes:

<p>Data cleaning = Removing errors and inconsistencies from data Feature extraction = Selecting important variables for model training Data normalization = Adjusting the scales of data features Data encoding = Transforming categorical variables into numerical values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of machine learning with their examples:

<p>Supervised learning = Using labeled data to train models Unsupervised learning = Clustering data without labeled outcomes Reinforcement learning = Training agents through rewards and penalties Semi-supervised learning = Combining labeled and unlabeled data for training</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following error types in machine learning with their descriptions:

<p>Bias = Error due to oversimplification of the model Variance = Error due to excessive complexity in the model Irreducible error = Error inherent in the data that cannot be reduced Overfitting error = Error from a model that fits the training data too closely</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Accuracy

Measure of a system's performance in producing correct outputs based on input data.

Active learning

A subfield of AI where an algorithm selects specific data points to learn from.

Adaptive learning

Method that tailors educational content to individual students' needs and pace.

Adversarial attack

Safety risk where manipulation of input data causes the AI model to malfunction.

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Frameworks in AI

Combination of policies and processes to promote safe and trustworthy AI.

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Performance Measurement

The evaluation of how well a system operates and achieves its objectives.

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Model Manipulation

Risk where data is altered to deceive an AI model's outputs.

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Trustworthy AI

AI that operates safely, reliably, and is verifiable.

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Explainability

The ability to describe how an AI system generates an output or decision.

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Exploratory Data Analysis

Techniques for gaining insights before training a model, like identifying patterns or outliers.

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Fairness in AI

Consistency in treatment across individuals or groups in AI's decisions.

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Sensitive Attributes

Characteristics like race, gender, or religion that should not impact AI decisions.

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Federated Learning

Training models on local data from edge devices, sending only updates to a central server.

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Global Model

The combined AI model improved from local updates in federated learning.

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Pretrained Deep Learning Model

A model trained on general data, ready for further training on specific tasks.

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Supervised Learning

A training method where models learn from labeled data to specialize in tasks.

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Human-in-the-loop (HITL)

A design paradigm that integrates human oversight and control in AI decision-making processes.

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Impact assessment

An evaluation process to understand the ethical, legal, and societal implications of an AI system.

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Inference

A machine learning process where a trained model predicts or decides based on input data.

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Input data

Data provided to a learning algorithm for producing output in machine learning.

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Interpretability

The ability to explain a model's reasoning in human-understandable terms, emphasizing design for understanding.

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Deep learning

A form of AI using algorithms to analyze and learn patterns from massive text datasets for text-based tasks.

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Model training

The process of teaching a machine learning model using input data to improve predictions or decisions.

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Turing Test

A measure of a machine's ability to exhibit human-like intelligence in conversation.

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Underfitting

When a model fails to capture the training data's complexity, leading to poor performance.

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Validation Data

A subset of data used to tune a model's parameters during training to avoid overfitting.

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Ethical AI

AI that operates under moral principles ensuring fairness and responsibility.

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AI Governance

Policies and structures to ensure responsible and ethical development of AI.

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Multimodal models

AI models that can process multiple types of input/output data simultaneously, like images and text.

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Natural language processing

A subfield of AI that enables computers to understand and apply human language for tasks like translation and sentiment analysis.

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Neural networks

Models in deep learning that simulate the human brain, using layers to understand complex data relationships.

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Machine learning model

Algorithms that allow computers to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without explicit programming.

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Image captioning

A task where AI describes the content of an image using natural language.

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Speech recognition

The ability of AI to convert spoken language into text, understanding and processing human speech.

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Sentiment analysis

The process of determining the emotional tone behind a series of words to understand opinions or feelings.

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Open-source software

A decentralized model allowing free access to source code for viewing, modification, and redistribution under certain licenses.

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Overfitting

When a model becomes too tailored to training data, failing to generalize to new, unseen data.

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Oversight

Monitoring an AI system to minimize risks and ensure compliance with regulations.

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Parameters

Internal variables in a model that are learned from training data for making predictions.

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Post processing

Steps taken after running a model to improve outputs, such as adjusting predictions or enhancing fairness.

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Preprocessing

Steps to prepare data for training, including cleaning and feature extraction.

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Model generalization

The ability of a model to perform well on unseen data after training.

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Study Notes

Key Terms for AI Governance

  • AI is rapidly evolving across various sectors, creating a need for a common lexicon
  • AI governance encompasses the use cases and applications of AI in diverse contexts, from creative art to everyday tools
  • IAPP's Key Terms for AI Governance glossary provides definitions for common AI-related terms
  • This updated glossary includes modifications to existing terms and new terms, informed by expert feedback
  • It maintains a nuanced approach to the definition of policy and technical perspectives
  • This glossary is separate from the IAPP's Privacy Terms glossary

Accountability

  • Developers and deployers have obligations to ensure ethical, fair, transparent, and compliant operation of AI systems
  • Accountability mechanisms trace the actions, decisions, and outcomes of AI systems back to responsible parties

Accuracy

  • A measure of an AI system's correctness in performing its intended task
  • Assessing the accuracy of models, particularly in high-precision applications like medical diagnoses, is crucial

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