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Questions and Answers
King Hezekiah commissioned royal scribes to record royal history and heroic ______.
King Hezekiah commissioned royal scribes to record royal history and heroic ______.
legends
King Josiah compiled and added the books of ______ and Judges.
King Josiah compiled and added the books of ______ and Judges.
Deuteronomy
King Ptolemy II Philadelphus commissioned the translation of the Hebrew Torah into ______.
King Ptolemy II Philadelphus commissioned the translation of the Hebrew Torah into ______.
Greek
Emperor Constantine commissioned 50 copies of the Bible that motivated the development of ______ lists.
Emperor Constantine commissioned 50 copies of the Bible that motivated the development of ______ lists.
Athanasius of Alexandria identified the complete New Testament canon of ______ books.
Athanasius of Alexandria identified the complete New Testament canon of ______ books.
Saint Jerome translated the New Testament from Greek to ______.
Saint Jerome translated the New Testament from Greek to ______.
John Wycliffe was a predecessor to ______ and advocated for the translation of the Bible into the vernacular.
John Wycliffe was a predecessor to ______ and advocated for the translation of the Bible into the vernacular.
Martin Luther translated the New Testament into ______ for the first time.
Martin Luther translated the New Testament into ______ for the first time.
Robert Estienne published a French Bible with chapter and ______ divisions.
Robert Estienne published a French Bible with chapter and ______ divisions.
Venerable Bede translated the Gospels into ______-Saxon.
Venerable Bede translated the Gospels into ______-Saxon.
The Bible is considered to be the _______ of God set down in writing.
The Bible is considered to be the _______ of God set down in writing.
The Old Testament includes _______ books in the Catholic Edition.
The Old Testament includes _______ books in the Catholic Edition.
The New Testament of the Bible contains a total of _______ books.
The New Testament of the Bible contains a total of _______ books.
The language in which the New Testament was written is known as _______ Greek.
The language in which the New Testament was written is known as _______ Greek.
The Tanakh is the Hebrew Bible, which is sacred to the _______ people.
The Tanakh is the Hebrew Bible, which is sacred to the _______ people.
The earliest Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible is known as the _______.
The earliest Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible is known as the _______.
The _______ is an important Latin version of the Bible, produced in the 4th century AD.
The _______ is an important Latin version of the Bible, produced in the 4th century AD.
The term 'sacred' signifies that the Bible is regarded as a _______ artifact.
The term 'sacred' signifies that the Bible is regarded as a _______ artifact.
The _______ is considered the most influential book of all time, shaping history and culture.
The _______ is considered the most influential book of all time, shaping history and culture.
Deutero-canonical books in the Catholic Edition are excluded from the Protestant Edition and referred to as _______.
Deutero-canonical books in the Catholic Edition are excluded from the Protestant Edition and referred to as _______.
The term 'Inspirare' means 'God-breathed', indicating the concept of divine ______.
The term 'Inspirare' means 'God-breathed', indicating the concept of divine ______.
The Old Testament records the old covenant between God and His chosen ______.
The Old Testament records the old covenant between God and His chosen ______.
The New Testament is a record of the new covenant made by God through the life, death, and ______ of Jesus Christ.
The New Testament is a record of the new covenant made by God through the life, death, and ______ of Jesus Christ.
The first five books of the Bible are collectively known as the ______.
The first five books of the Bible are collectively known as the ______.
The Old Testament consists of ______ major parts.
The Old Testament consists of ______ major parts.
The Gospels in the New Testament tell about the life and deeds of ______.
The Gospels in the New Testament tell about the life and deeds of ______.
Major Prophets in the Bible include Isaiah, Jeremiah, and ______.
Major Prophets in the Bible include Isaiah, Jeremiah, and ______.
The book of Revelation is intended to give ______ to those who are near despair.
The book of Revelation is intended to give ______ to those who are near despair.
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Study Notes
Key Figures in the Development of the Bible
- King Hezekiah commissioned royal scribes in the 8th century BC to compile an early form of the Old Testament, recording histories and legends.
- King Josiah (6th century BC) contributed to the Bible by compiling the books of Deuteronomy and Judges, referenced in the second books of Kings and Chronicles.
- King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (283-246 BC) commissioned the Greek translation of the Hebrew Torah, known as the Septuagint.
- Emperor Constantine (272-337 AD), as the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, commissioned 50 copies of the Bible, influencing the development of canon lists in 331 AD.
- Athanasius of Alexandria (296-373 AD) identified the complete New Testament canon of 27 books, a significant milestone for the Church.
- Saint Jerome (347-420 AD) translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin and later translated the Hebrew Bible, resulting in the Vulgate with 73 books.
- Venerable Bede (672-735 AD) translated the Gospels into Anglo-Saxon, making scripture more accessible to English speakers.
- Stephen Langton (1150-1228 AD) created the first chapter divisions in the Bible, enhancing usability for study.
- John Wycliffe (1320-1384 AD) translated the entire Bible into English, advocating for access to scripture for the common people.
- Johannes Gutenberg (1400-1468 AD) introduced the printing press to Europe, producing the first printed Bible known as the Gutenberg Bible.
- Martin Luther (1483-1546 AD) translated and published the New Testament into German, promoting Protestant Reformation principles.
- Robert Estienne (1503-1559 AD) published a French Bible with chapter and verse divisions, contributing to Bible accessibility.
Key Terminologies
- The term "Bible" derives from the Greek "ta biblia," translating to "the books," referencing its composition.
- "Scripture," from Latin "scriptura," evolved to refer to sacred writings specifically within religious contexts.
- "Sacred" denotes writings regarded with reverence, distinguishing the Bible as a venerated religious artifact.
Definition and significance
- The Holy Bible, or Sacred Scriptures, encapsulates the Word of God, chronicling human history, divine inspiration, and God’s relationship with humanity.
- Recognized by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, it is the best-selling book globally, impacting culture, history, and literature significantly.
Composition of the Bible
- Catholic Edition: 73 books (46 Old Testament, 27 New Testament)
- Protestant Edition: 66 books (39 Old Testament, 27 New Testament) with apocryphal books excluded.
Languages of the Bible
- Hebrew: Original language of the Old Testament; central to Jewish tradition.
- Koine Greek: Language of the New Testament and the Septuagint, prevalent during Hellenistic and Roman eras.
- Aramaic: Spoken by Jesus and his apostles; a common language in first-century Judea.
- Latin: The language of the Roman Empire, necessitating translations of Christian texts.
Early Versions and Translations
- Tanakh: The Hebrew Bible comprising Torah, Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).
- Septuagint: The earliest Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, containing additional apocryphal writings.
- Vulgate: The standardized Latin Bible translated by Saint Jerome, commissioned by Pope Damasus I in the late 4th century.
Divine Inspiration
- The term "inspirare" signifies “God-breathed”, indicating divine guidance without God being a direct author.
- Human authors contributed their personal backgrounds and styles, making historical authenticity important in biblical interpretation.
Structure of the Bible
- Old Testament: Chronicles the old covenant between God and His people; illustrates the preparation for the Messiah's coming.
- New Testament: Documents the new covenant through Jesus Christ's life, death, and resurrection; serves as the central narrative of the Bible.
Old Testament Composition
- Pentateuch: First five books of the Bible.
- Historical Books: Narrate the Israelites’ journey, trials, and triumphs.
- Wisdom Literature: Contains proverbs and prayers, emphasizing moral teachings.
- Prophetic Books: Divided into Major (Isaiah, Jeremiah, etc.) and Minor Prophets (Hosea to Malachi), focusing on prophecy and moral guidance.
New Testament Composition
- Gospels: Account the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, with the first three known as the Synoptic Gospels.
- Acts of the Apostles: Chronicles the early Christian community.
- Apostolic Letters: Include writings by Paul and Catholic letters to the broader church.
- Book of Revelation: Offers hope and encouragement amid despair, emphasizing the triumph of good over evil.
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