Key Genetic Terms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the probability of a coin landing on heads?

  • 1/3
  • 1/2 (correct)
  • 1/4
  • 3/4

    • Which of the following genetic disorders is recessive?

  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Hemophilia
  • Huntington's disease
  • Sickle cell anemia (correct)

    • In a dihybrid cross, how many phenotypic outcomes can typically arise?

  • 4 (correct)
  • 3
  • 2
  • 16

    • What is the contribution of Gregor Mendel to the field of genetics?

    <p>He began the study of genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosomes determine the male gender?

    <p>XY (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a heterozygous organism?

    <p>It has two different alleles for a particular trait. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance does color blindness represent?

    <p>X-linked recessive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Punnett square, which of the following correctly represents an allele for a dominant trait?

    <p>AA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes codominant alleles?

    <p>Both alleles are completely expressed in the phenotype. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from nondisjunction during meiosis?

    <p>An abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a disorder that is linked to incomplete dominance?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of obtaining a homozygous recessive phenotype from a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?

    <p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many generations should a pedigree include for proper interpretation, according to genetic principles?

    <p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a monohybrid cross, what is a typical expected outcome ratio of dominant to recessive traits?

    <p>3:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes polygenic traits?

    <p>They are influenced by multiple genes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes chromosomes that are inherited together due to their physical proximity on the same chromosome?

    <p>Linked genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the family tree that displays genetic traits through generations?

    <p>Pedigree (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'diploid' refer to?

    <p>Cells with two sets of chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of Gregor Mendel's principle of independent assortment?

    <p>Different genes separate without influencing each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of phenotype results from incomplete dominance?

    <p>A phenotype showing a blend of both parents' traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Alleles

    Different forms of a gene for a particular trait.

    Heterozygous

    Having two different alleles for a particular trait.

    Homozygous

    Having two identical alleles for a particular trait.

    Incomplete dominance

    Heterozygous phenotype is between the homozygous phenotypes.

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    Codominant alleles

    Both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals.

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    Diploid (2N)

    A cell with two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).

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    Haploid (N)

    A cell with half a set of chromosomes (one of each).

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    Sex-linked genes

    Genes located on sex chromosomes (usually X).

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    Dominant allele

    Expressed in heterozygous or homozygous dominant conditions.

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    Recessive allele

    Only expressed in homozygous recessive conditions.

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    Punnett Square

    A table used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

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    Genotype

    The genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., RR, Rr, rr).

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    Phenotype

    The physical characteristics of an organism (e.g., red flowers, tall height).

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    Probability of Tails

    The likelihood of a coin landing on tails is 1/2 or 50%.

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    Gregor Mendel

    Scientist who began the study of inheritance patterns.

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    Sex Chromosomes

    XX for females and XY for males; each parent contributes one sex chromosome affecting offspring's gender.

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    Dominant Genetic Disorder

    A genetic disorder in which only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to have the disease.

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    Recessive Genetic Disorder

    A genetic disorder in which two copies of the mutated gene are required to have the disease

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    Sex-linked Disorder

    Genetic disorder carried on the sex chromosomes (X or Y).

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    Pedigree

    A chart that shows inheritance patterns of a trait over several generations.

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    Study Notes

    Key Genetic Terms

    • Alleles: Different forms of a gene for a particular trait
    • Heterozygous: An organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait
    • Homozygous: An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
    • Gregor Mendel: Independent assortment; genes for different traits separate independently, each gamete carries one allele for each gene
    • Incomplete dominance: Heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous phenotypes (e.g., red + white = pink)
    • Polygenic traits: One gene impacts a characteristic (e.g., human skin color)
    • Codominant alleles: Both alleles expressed in heterozygous individuals (e.g., blood type AB)
    • Diploid (2N): A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes. One set from each parent.
    • Haploid (N): Half set of chromosomes, one of each in gametes (e.g., human egg or sperm)
    • Linked genes: Genes on the same chromosome
    • Gene maps: Based on the frequency of crossing over; more of ten genes crossing over more they are on the chromosome
    • Probability: Likelihood of an outcome (e.g., 50:50 chance of flipping heads or tails)
    • Sex-linked genes: A gene located on a sex chromosome (X or Y)
    • Pedigrees: Family tree on genetic traits (○ is female, □ is male).
    • Dominant allele: Expressed after heterozygous or homozygous (uppercase)
    • Recessive allele: Only expressed when homozygous recessive (lowercase)
    • Nondisjunction: Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of essential genetic terminology with this quiz. Explore concepts like alleles, genotype differences, and the principles established by Gregor Mendel. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.

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