Key Figures and Discoveries in Colonial America

Key Figures and Discoveries

• Christopher Columbus: Discovered the New World in 1492.
• Hernán Cortés: Conquered the Aztecs.
• James I: Jamestown's namesake.
• Sir Walter Raleigh: Founded the Roanoke colony.
• John Smith: Leader of Jamestown, implemented forced labor.
• Henry VIII: King of England, created the Church of England to divorce his wife.
• Charles I: King of England who triggered the English Civil War, prompting Puritan exodus.
• Elizabeth I: Monarch who solidified Protestantism in England.

Colonial Groups and Agreements

• Puritans: Members of the Church of England seeking religious reform.
• Separatists: Another name for the Pilgrims.
• Pilgrims: Founded Plymouth Colony.
• Mayflower Compact: Pilgrim agreement for majority rule.
• Indentured Servants: People who worked off the cost of their passage to the New World.
• The Great Migration: Mass exodus of Puritans to the New World.
• Joint-Stock Companies: Institutions that provided investment opportunities.

Spanish and Portuguese Exploration and Rivalry

• Spanish Armada: Huge naval fleet defeated by the British.
• Treaty of Tordesillas: Divided lands between Spain and Portugal.

Indigenous Peoples

• Tainos: Native Americans encountered by Columbus.
• Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors of Native Americans.
• Native American Diseases Impact: Diseases spread by Native Americans wiped out many Europeans. (True)
• Taino Military Strength: Taino Indians had a relatively weak military. (False)
• African Slavery: Portuguese introduced slavery into British Colonies. (False)
• Muslim Involvement in African Slave Trade: Muslims had been involved in the African slave trade prior to European involvement in Africa. (True)

Additional Information

• Jamestown Namesake: James I.
• Religious Colony: Plymouth.