Key Concepts in Physics Quiz

Gravitational Force: Attraction between masses; governs planetary motion.
Electromagnetic Force: Interaction between charged particles; responsible for electricity and magnetism.
Strong Nuclear Force: Holds protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei.
Weak Nuclear Force: Responsible for radioactive decay and certain particle interactions.

Newton's First Law: An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion, calculated as KE = 1/2 mv².
Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position, commonly gravitational PE = mgh.
Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

First Law: Energy conservation; total energy of an isolated system remains constant.
Second Law: Entropy of an isolated system always increases; heat energy spontaneously flows from hot to cold.
Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero.

Types of Waves: Mechanical (require medium) and electromagnetic (do not require medium).
Wave Properties: Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, speed.
Sound Waves: Longitudinal waves involving compression and rarefaction in a medium.

Reflection: Bouncing of light off a surface; governed by the law of reflection (angle of incidence = angle of reflection).
Refraction: Bending of light as it passes between different media; described by Snell's Law.
Lenses: Convex lenses converge light; concave lenses diverge light.

Ohm's Law: V = IR (voltage = current × resistance).
Magnetic Fields: Produced by moving electric charges; affect other charges and currents.
Electromagnetic Induction: Generation of voltage due to a changing magnetic field.

Relativity: Time and space are intertwined; effects become significant at high velocities.
Quantum Mechanics: Behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic levels; introduces concepts like wave-particle duality and uncertainty principle.

SI Units: Standard units including meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (current), Kelvin (temperature).
Dimensional Analysis: Technique to convert units and check the consistency of equations.

This summary captures fundamental concepts and principles in physics, providing a concise reference for study and review.

Gravitational force causes attraction between masses, essential for planetary motion.
Electromagnetic force governs interactions between charged particles, including electricity and magnetism.
Strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei, crucial for atomic stability.
Weak nuclear force plays a key role in radioactive decay and certain particle interactions, influencing particle physics.

Newton's First Law describes inertia: objects remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law formulates force as the product of mass and acceleration (F = ma), indicating how force affects motion.
Newton's Third Law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, highlighting interaction pairs.

Kinetic energy quantifies motion, expressed as KE = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.
Potential energy is stored energy based on position, commonly defined as gravitational potential energy PE = mgh.
The conservation of energy principle asserts that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

The First Law states energy conservation within an isolated system, indicating total energy remains constant.
The Second Law emphasizes that entropy in an isolated system increases over time; heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold.
The Third Law specifies that as temperature nears absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero, indicating a state of minimal disorder.

Waves can be classified into mechanical (requiring a medium) and electromagnetic (not requiring a medium).
Key properties of waves include wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed, essential for wave behavior analysis.
Sound waves are longitudinal waves characterized by regions of compression and rarefaction within a medium.

Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface, following the law of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Refraction involves the bending of light at the interface between different media, described by Snell's Law.
Lenses come in two types: convex lenses converge light rays, while concave lenses diverge them, influencing image formation.

Ohm's Law defines the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) as V = IR.
Magnetic fields arise from moving electric charges and exert force on other charges and current-carrying conductors.
Electromagnetic induction refers to voltage generation resulting from a changing magnetic field, foundational to electromagnetism.

Theory of relativity claims time and space are interrelated; effects become noticeable at high speeds, altering perceptions of time and distance.
Quantum mechanics describes atomic and subatomic behavior, introducing wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle as core concepts.

SI units include meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (current), and Kelvin (temperature), forming a universal measurement standard.
Dimensional analysis is a method for unit conversion and ensuring consistency within physical equations, essential for solving scientific problems.

Kinematics: ( d = vt + \frac{1}{2}at^2 ) helps determine the displacement of an object based on time, velocity, and acceleration.
Momentum: ( p = mv ) defines momentum as the product of mass and velocity, relevant in collision analysis.
Work: ( W = Fd \cos(\theta) ) relates force, displacement, and the angle between them to determine work done.
Power: ( P = \frac{W}{t} ) expresses the rate of doing work over time, critical in energy consumption calculations.