Key Concepts in Biology

Molecule: Basic units of life (e.g., DNA, proteins).
Cell: Basic unit of life; can be prokaryotic (e.g., bacteria) or eukaryotic (e.g., plants, animals).
Tissue: Group of similar cells performing a specific function.
Organ: Structure made of tissues working together (e.g., heart, lungs).
Organ System: Group of organs working together (e.g., circulatory system).
Organism: Individual living entity.
Population: Group of organisms of the same species in a given area.
Community: Different populations living together.
Ecosystem: Community plus the non-living environment.
Biosphere: Global sum of all ecosystems.

Natural Selection: Mechanism of evolution; survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable traits.
Adaptation: Traits that enhance survival in specific environments.
Speciation: Formation of new species through evolutionary processes.

Ecosystem Dynamics: Interactions between organisms and their environment.
Food Chains/Webs: Energy flow through trophic levels (producers, consumers, decomposers).
Biogeochemical Cycles: Movement of elements (e.g., carbon, nitrogen) through ecosystems.

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy (in plants).
Cellular Respiration: Process of converting glucose into ATP for energy.

Use of biological processes for industrial and other practical applications (e.g., genetic engineering, CRISPR).

Focus on key terms, definitions, and processes to enhance understanding and retention in biology.

Molecule: Fundamental building blocks of life, including substances like DNA and proteins.
Cell: The smallest unit of life; can be classified as prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic (plants and animals).
Tissue: A collection of similar cells that collaborate to perform a specific function.
Organ: A structure composed of different tissues that work collectively (e.g., heart, lungs).
Organ System: A group of organs that function together (e.g., circulatory system).
Organism: An individual living entity capable of life processes.
Population: A collection of organisms from the same species inhabiting a specific area.
Community: A diversity of populations that interact and coexist in a shared environment.
Ecosystem: An integrated community combined with its non-living environment.
Biosphere: The largest level, encompassing all ecosystems across the planet.

DNA: Molecule that carries and transmits genetic information, structured as a double helix.
Genes: Specific sequences of DNA that act as instructions for building proteins.
Chromosomes: Organized structures of DNA that carry numerous genes; humans have 46 chromosomes.
Mitosis: The process by which a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair.
Meiosis: A specialized type of cell division resulting in gametes (sperm and eggs), contributing to genetic diversity.

Natural Selection: The primary mechanism driving evolution, emphasizing the survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits.
Adaptation: Traits developed over generations that improve chances of survival in particular environments.
Speciation: The evolutionary process that leads to the formation of distinct species.

Ecosystem Dynamics: Study of the interactions between organisms and their surrounding environment, emphasizing balance.
Food Chains/Webs: Models illustrating energy flow among different trophic levels (producers, consumers, decomposers).
Biogeochemical Cycles: The cycle of essential elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, through biological and geological processes.

The process by which organisms regulate their internal environment (e.g., temperature, pH) to maintain stable conditions despite external changes.

Domains: Major categories of life, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Kingdoms within Eukarya: Groups include Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists based on shared characteristics.

Photosynthesis: The conversion of light energy into chemical energy, primarily occurring in plants.
Cellular Respiration: A metabolic process that transforms glucose into ATP, providing energy for cellular activities.

Organ Systems: Complex structures including circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems that perform vital functions.
Homeostasis: Mechanisms regulating critical body parameters such as temperature, pH, and glucose concentration.

Application of biological processes and living organisms in industrial settings; includes techniques like genetic engineering and CRISPR for innovative solutions and improvements in various fields.