Questions and Answers
What is Anthropology?
What does Ethnocentrism mean?
The belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones.
Define Culture.
Theories about the world and reality based on the assumptions and values of one's own culture.
What is Applied Anthropology?
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What is Medical Anthropology?
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What does Cultural anthropology study?
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What is Ethnography?
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Define Participant observation.
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What is Ethnology?
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What does Linguistic anthropology study?
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What is the focus of Archaeology?
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Define Bioarchaeology.
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What is Cultural resource management?
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Define Physical anthropology.
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What does Paleoanthropology study?
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What is Biocultural anthropology?
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Define Primatology.
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What is Forensic anthropology?
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What does Empirical approach mean?
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What is a Hypothesis?
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Define Theory.
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What does Doctrine mean?
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Define Artifact.
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What is Material culture?
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What is a Fossil?
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What are Soil marks?
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Define Midden.
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What is a Grid system in archaeology?
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Define Datum point.
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What is Relative dating?
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Define Absolute dating.
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What are Key consultants?
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Define Informal interview.
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What is a Formal interview?
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Define Eliciting interview.
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What are Human relations area files?
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Define Informed consent.
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What is Globalization?
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Define Chromosomes.
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What is DNA?
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Define Chromatid.
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What are Alleles?
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Define Genome.
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What is Mitosis?
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Define Meiosis.
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What does Homozygous mean?
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Define Heterozygous.
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What is a Genotype?
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Define Dominant allele.
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What does Recessive allele mean?
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Define Phenotype.
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What is Hemoglobin?
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Define Polygenic inheritance.
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What does Gene flow refer to?
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Define Adaptation.
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What is Sickle-cell anemia?
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Define Clines.
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What is Macroevolution?
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Define Speciation.
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What does Cladogenesis refer to?
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Define Anagensis.
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What is Punctuated equilibria?
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What does Nocturnal mean?
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Define Arboreal.
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What is Diurnal?
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Define Binocular vision.
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What is Stereoscopic vision?
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Define Opposable.
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What are Prosimians?
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Define Anthropoids.
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What are Strepsirhines?
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Define Haplorhines.
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What does Prehensile mean?
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Define Brachiation.
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What is a Community?
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Define Dominance hierarchy.
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What is Grooming in animal behavior?
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Define Tool.
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Anthropology
- Anthropology: Comprehensive study of human beings across time and space.
- Ethnocentrism: Cultural bias where one's culture is regarded as superior or the only correct way.
- Culture: Shared ideologies and values that shape perceptions and experiences.
Specializations in Anthropology
- Applied Anthropology: Utilization of anthropological insights to address practical issues.
- Medical Anthropology: Examination of health and illness through cultural and biological lenses.
- Cultural Anthropology: Exploration of established patterns in human behavior, thoughts, and emotions.
- Bioarchaeology: Focus on human skeletal remains to derive insights about past populations.
- Cultural Resource Management: Management and preservation of archaeological sites.
Research Methods
- Ethnography: In-depth cultural description derived from field research.
- Fieldwork: Hands-on research conducted in the natural environment of the subjects.
- Participant Observation: Understanding a culture through active involvement and observation.
Archaeology and Material Culture
- Archaeology: Recovery and analysis of materials to understand human cultures.
- Artifacts: Objects created or modified by humans, significant for historical insights.
- Midden: Waste or refuse sites reflecting past human behavior and domestic life.
- Soil Marks: Surface stains indicative of underlying archaeological features.
Biological Anthropology
- Physical Anthropology: Study of humans as biological entities; includes molecular genetics.
- Paleoanthropology: Investigation of biological evolution to trace human origins.
- Primatology: Study of non-human primates, both living and extinct.
Genetics and Evolution
- Chromosomes/DNA: Genetic material stored in chromosomes, containing hereditary information.
- Mitosis/Meiosis: Cell division processes leading to somatic and reproductive cells, respectively.
- Alleles: Variants of a gene, influencing traits in organisms.
- Genome: Complete genetic blueprint for a species.
Inheritance Patterns
- Homozygous vs. Heterozygous: Refers to allele uniformity versus variability in gene pairs.
- Dominant/Recessive Alleles: Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles.
- Polygenic Inheritance: Multiple genes contribute to a single trait's expression.
Evolutionary Concepts
- Speciation: Formation of new species through evolutionary processes.
- Macroevolution vs. Microevolution: Differences in evolutionary changes at species level versus population level.
- Cladogenesis vs. Anagensis: Branching and gradual change leading to new species.
Primate Characteristics
- Nocturnal/Diurnal: Referring to active periods of animals; active at night or during the day.
- Binocular and Stereoscopic Vision: Depth perception enhanced by alignment and contribution of both eyes.
- Opposable Traits: Ability to grasp objects, signifying advanced dexterity in primates.
Social Structures and Behavior
- Dominance Hierarchy: Rank-ordering within groups indicating social structure.
- Community: Social units of individuals cohabiting a defined area.
- Grooming: Social behavior indicating bonding and hygiene among group members.
Research Ethics
- Informed Consent: Essential agreement acknowledging participant awareness in research.
- Key Consultants: Local informants aiding anthropologists in cultural comprehension.
Global Interactions
- Globalization: Examination of interconnected movements of resources, trade, people, and ideas across borders.
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Description
This quiz explores essential concepts and specializations in anthropology, including ethnocentrism, culture, and various applied fields. Test your knowledge on research methods like ethnography and fieldwork. Perfect for students delving into the rich tapestry of human behavior and societies.