25 Questions
What is the main function of ketone bodies in the body?
Serve as alternative fuel when glucose is scarce
Which of the following compounds are collectively known as ketone bodies?
Acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone
During which state does the hepatic production of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate increase significantly?
Starvation state
What triggers the process of ketone body synthesis (ketogenesis) in the liver?
Excess acetyl CoA from β-oxidation
In what conditions do the concentrations of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate remain low in the blood?
During the fed state
Which statement about ketone bodies is true?
They are a main source of energy for the brain during prolonged starvation
What is the role of ketone bodies in the body?
They can be used by extrahepatic tissues to meet energy needs
Which enzyme is considered the rate-limiting step in ketone body synthesis?
HMG-CoA synthase
How does glucagon hormone affect HMG-CoA synthase activity?
Activates HMG-CoA synthase
What happens to HMG-CoA synthase activity when CoASH levels in the liver are high?
HMG-CoA synthase is inhibited
How do ketone bodies contribute to sparing glucose during fasting?
Ketone bodies can be used as an alternative fuel source instead of glucose
Which tissue can use ketone bodies to meet its energy needs?
Brain
What triggers an increase in the production of ketone bodies during fasting?
Insulin deficiency
In which tissues are ketone bodies utilized as a fuel during prolonged starvation?
Muscles, brain, and kidneys
What happens when the rate of formation of ketone bodies exceeds their utilization?
Ketonemia and ketonuria occur
Which enzyme is responsible for reactivating acetoacetate to form acetoacetyl CoA in nonhepatic tissues?
Thiophorase
What is the main cause of ketosis in diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood glucose?
Insulin deficiency
How does the lack of insulin contribute to increased ketone body synthesis?
It decreases glucose utilization
What process is increased as a result of following a strict ketogenic diet?
Lipolysis
Which of the following is a consequence of a significant reduction in blood sugar levels due to a ketogenic diet?
Hypoglycemia
What is the primary metabolic role of ketone bodies in the body?
Fuel for the brain and muscles
What happens if there is a progressive depletion of the alkali reserve in the blood due to the presence of certain acids?
Ketoacidosis
Which condition is associated with uncontrolled diabetes and is characterized by high levels of ketone bodies in the blood?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
What is the major consequence of high fat and protein intake in ketogenic diets?
Ketoacidosis
How do ketone bodies put the body into a state of ketosis?
By being used as the primary energy source
Test your knowledge on the metabolism and functions of ketone bodies, including their solubility, production in the liver, and utilization by various tissues in the body.
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