Kentucky CDL Permit Study Guide

Questions and Answers

What should you check on the certification label to determine if your vehicle is equipped with ABS?

the date of manufacture

What is a dual air brake system?

A two brake system, one operates the front brakes and one operates the back brakes.

What are slack adjusters?

A slack adjuster is a lever arm connected to the brake chamber's push rod at the clevis assembly that adjusts the brakes for lining wear.

How can you check slack adjusters?

Use gloves and pull hard on the slack adjuster; if it moves more than an inch, it needs adjusting. Signup and view all the answers

How can you test the low pressure warning signal?

Shut off the engine with enough air pressure, turn on the electrical power, and step on and off the brake pedal until the low air pressure warning signal comes on. Signup and view all the answers

How can you check that the spring brakes come on automatically?

Reduce the air pressure in the tank by pumping the brake pedal; the tractor protection valve and parking brake valve should close. Signup and view all the answers

What are the maximum leakage rates for single and combination vehicles?

Less than 2 psi in one minute for single vehicles; less than 3 psi in one minute for combination vehicles. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do after applying 90 psi or more with the brake pedal?

If the drop is more than 3 psi for singles or 4 psi for combinations, the air loss rate is too much. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important reason for doing a vehicle inspection?

safety Signup and view all the answers

What things should you check during a trip?

instruments, air pressure gauge, temp gauge, pressure gauge, ammeter/voltmeter, mirrors, tires, cargo/cargo covers, lights Signup and view all the answers

Name some key steering system parts.

steering wheel, tie rod, steering shaft, hydraulic fluid reservoir, gear box, pitman arm, drag link, steering knuckle, spindle, steering arm, power steering cylinder Signup and view all the answers

Name some suspension system defects.

spring hangers that allow movement of axle from proper position, cracked or broken spring hangers, missing or broken leaves in any leaf spring, leaking shock absorbers, air suspension systems that are damaged and/or leaking, any parts of the suspension or frame that is cracked or broken Signup and view all the answers

What three kinds of emergency equipment must you have?

Fire extinguisher, spare electrical fuses, warning devices for parked vehicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum tread depth for front tires? For other tires?

4/32" for front tires, 2/32" on other tires Signup and view all the answers

Name some things you should check on the front of your vehicle during the walk around inspection?

Condition of front axle, condition of steering system, condition of windshield, lights and reflectors Signup and view all the answers

What should wheel bearing seals be checked for?

leaks Signup and view all the answers

How many red reflective triangles should you carry?

3 red reflective triangles Signup and view all the answers

How do you test hydraulic brakes for leaks?

Pump the brake pedal three times, then apply firm pressure to the pedal and hold for five seconds. The pedal should not move. Signup and view all the answers

Why put the starter switch key in your pocket during the vehicle inspection?

So it cannot be started or running during the walk around inspection Signup and view all the answers

Why should you back toward the driver's side?

So you can see better Signup and view all the answers

If stopped on a hill, how can you start moving without rolling back?

Partly engage the clutch before you take your foot off the brake, put on the parking brake whenever necessary to keep from rolling back. Signup and view all the answers

When backing, why is it important to use a helper?

There are blind spots you won't be able to see. Signup and view all the answers

What's the most important hand signal that you and the helper should agree on?

A signal for STOP Signup and view all the answers

What are the two special conditions where you should downshift?

Before starting down a hill, before entering a curve Signup and view all the answers

When should you downshift automatic transmissions?

When going down grades/downhill Signup and view all the answers

Retarders keep you from skidding when the road is slippery.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways to know when to shift?

Use engine speed (rpm) or road speed (mph) Signup and view all the answers

How far ahead does the manual say you should look?

12-15 seconds ahead Signup and view all the answers

What are two main things to look for ahead?

Traffic and road conditions Signup and view all the answers

What's your most important way to see the sides and rear of your vehicle?

mirrors Signup and view all the answers

What does 'communicating' mean in safe driving?

signaling your intentions Signup and view all the answers

Where should you place reflectors when stopped on a divided highway?

10 feet, 100 feet and 200 feet toward the approaching traffic Signup and view all the answers

What three things add up to total stopping distance?

Perception distance + Reaction distance + braking distance = total stopping distance Signup and view all the answers

If you go twice as fast, will your stopping distance increase by two or four times?

four times Signup and view all the answers

Empty trucks have the best braking.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is hydroplaning?

The tires lose their contact with the road and have little or no traction. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'black ice'?

A thin layer that is clear enough that you can see the road underneath it Signup and view all the answers

How do you find out how many seconds of following distance space you have?

Wait until the vehicle ahead passes a clear landmark, then count off the seconds until you reach the same spot. Signup and view all the answers

If you are driving a 30-foot vehicle at 55 mph, how many seconds of following distance should you allow?

Allow at least 4 seconds Signup and view all the answers

You should decrease your following distance if somebody is following you too closely.

False Signup and view all the answers

If you swing wide to the left before turning right, another driver may try to pass you on the right.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is a hazard?

Any road condition or other road user that is a possible danger Signup and view all the answers

Why make emergency plans when you see a hazard?

To be prepared if you have to take action in an emergency Signup and view all the answers

How do you use in-vehicle communications equipment cautiously?

Pull off the road in a safe place when making/receiving calls, keep conversations short, do not use equipment in heavy traffic. Signup and view all the answers

How do you recognize a distracted driver?

Vehicles that may drift, traveling at inconsistent speeds, drivers preoccupied with distractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aggressive driving and road rage?

Aggressive driving is selfish and pushy; road rage is intent to do harm. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do when confronted with an aggressive driver?

Make every attempt to get out of their way. Avoid eye contact and ignore gestures. Signup and view all the answers

What are some things you can do to reduce your stress before and while you drive?

Listen to easy listening music, give your drive your full attention, be realistic about travel time. Signup and view all the answers

You should use low beams whenever you can.

False Signup and view all the answers

What should you do before you drive if you are drowsy?

To take a nap Signup and view all the answers

What effects can wet brakes cause? How can you avoid these problems?

Wet brakes can be weak or grab; avoid driving through deep puddles. Signup and view all the answers

You should let air out of hot tires so the pressure goes back to normal.

False Signup and view all the answers

You can safely remove the radiator cap as long as the engine isn't overheated.

False Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine your selection of a 'safe' speed when going down a long, steep downgrade?

Total weight of the vehicle, length of the grade, steepness, road conditions, and weather. Signup and view all the answers

Why should you be in the proper gear before starting down a hill?

You may not be able to shift into lower gears, and engine braking affects will be lost. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the proper braking technique when going down a long, steep downgrade.

<ol> <li>Apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown. 2. When your speed has been reduced by about five mph below 'safe' speed, release the brakes. 3. Repeat as necessary.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vehicles can get stuck on a railroad-highway crossing?

Low slung units (lowboy, car carrier, moving van, possum-belly livestock trailer), single-axle tractor pulling a long trailer. Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for a typical tractor-trailer unit to clear a double track?

At least 14 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Stopping is not always the safest thing to do in an emergency.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are some advantages of going right instead of left around an obstacle?

No oncoming traffic, clear shoulder, won't force someone else into oncoming traffic. Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'escape ramp'?

A bed of loose, soft material to slow a runaway vehicle. Signup and view all the answers

If a tire blows out, you should put the brakes on hard to stop quickly.

False Signup and view all the answers

How do you know if your vehicle has antilock brakes?

They will have yellow malfunction lamps on the instrument panels and trailers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper braking technique when driving a vehicle with antilock brakes?

Use only the braking force necessary to stop safely and stay in control. Signup and view all the answers

How do antilock brakes help you?

Help you avoid wheel lock-up and maintain control. Signup and view all the answers

What are some things to do at an accident scene to prevent another accident?

If you are involved in the crash, try and get to the side of the road; if stopping to help, park away from the crash. Signup and view all the answers

Name two causes of tire fires.

Under-inflated tires and duals that touch Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of fires is a B:C extinguisher not good for?

Fires in combustible metals, wood, paper, ordinary combustibles Signup and view all the answers

When using your extinguisher, should you get as close as possible to the fire?

False Signup and view all the answers

Name some causes of vehicle fires.

Spilled fuel, improper use of flares, under-inflated tires, short circuits, driver smoking, loose fuel connections. Signup and view all the answers

Common medicines for colds can make you sleepy.

True Signup and view all the answers

Coffee and a little fresh air will help a drinker sober up.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a hazardous materials placard?

Placards are signs put on the outside of a vehicle that identify the hazard class of the cargo Signup and view all the answers

Why are placards used?

They are used to warn others of hazardous materials. Signup and view all the answers

What four things related to cargo are drivers responsible for?

<ol> <li>Inspecting your cargo. 2. Recognizing overloads & poorly balanced weight. 3. Knowing cargo is properly secured. 4. Knowing your cargo does not restrict access to emergency equipment.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How often must you stop while on the road to check your cargo?

Inspect the cargo and its securing devices again within the first 50 miles after beginning a trip. Signup and view all the answers

How is Gross Combination Weight Rating different from Gross Combination Weight?

GCW is the total weight of a powered unit plus trailers; GCWR is the maximum GCW specified by the manufacturer. Signup and view all the answers

Name two situations where legal maximum weights may not be safe.

During bad weather or in mountains Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if you don't have enough weight on the front axle?

Under-loaded front axles can make the steering axle weight too light to steer safely. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of tie-downs for any flatbed load?

Two, no matter how small the cargo. Cargo should have a tie-down every 10 feet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of tie-downs for a 20-foot load?

two Signup and view all the answers

Name two basic reasons for covering cargo on an open bed.

To protect people from spilled cargo, to protect the cargo from weather Signup and view all the answers

What must you check before transporting a sealed load?

Check that you don't exceed gross weight and axle weight limits. Signup and view all the answers

Name some things to check in the interior of a bus during a vehicle inspection.

Each handhold and railing, floor covering, signaling devices, emergency exit handles, seats secured Signup and view all the answers

What are some hazardous materials you can transport by bus?

small-arms ammunition labeled ORM-D, emergency hospital supplies, and drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a standee line?

A 2 inch line on the floor of the bus, showing riders where they cannot stand. Signup and view all the answers

Does it matter where you make a disruptive passenger get off the bus?

True Signup and view all the answers

How far from a railroad crossing should you stop?

15-50 feet Signup and view all the answers

When must you stop before crossing a drawbridge?

Stop at least 50 feet before the draw of the bridge. Signup and view all the answers

The rear door of a transit bus has to be open to put on the parking brake.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a supply pressure gauge used for?

These gauges tell you how much pressure is in the air tanks. Signup and view all the answers

Why must air tanks be drained?

To drain moisture and oil out of the tank. Signup and view all the answers

All vehicles with air brakes must have a low air pressure warning signal.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are spring brakes?

A heavy spring that will engage the brakes if all air is out of the brake system. Signup and view all the answers

Front wheel brakes are good under all conditions.

True Signup and view all the answers

How do you know if your vehicle is equipped with antilock brakes?

They will have yellow malfunction lamps on the instrument panels and trailers. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vehicle Inspection and Safety

Conducting vehicle inspections is essential for maintaining safety.
During a trip, check instruments, air pressure gauges, temperature gauges, lights, mirrors, tires, and cargo security.
Key steering system parts include the steering wheel, tie rod, steering shaft, and power steering cylinder.
Common suspension defects are cracked spring hangers, damaged air suspension systems, and leaking shock absorbers.

Emergency Equipment

Carry mandatory emergency equipment: a fire extinguisher, spare fuses, and warning devices for parked vehicles.

Tire and Brake Maintenance

Minimum tread depth: 4/32" for front tires, 2/32" for others.
Check wheel bearing seals for any leaks.
Test hydraulic brakes for leaks by pumping the pedal and holding pressure.

Driving Techniques

Back toward the driver's side for better visibility; avoid right-side backing.
To start on a hill without rolling back, engage the clutch and use the parking brake as needed.
Always use a helper when backing to mitigate blind spots.

Communication and Awareness

Establish a clear "STOP" signal with your helper for effective communication.
Keep a following distance of 4 seconds when driving a 30-foot vehicle at 55 mph.
Look 12-15 seconds ahead and be aware of traffic and road conditions.

Hazard Recognition and Response

A hazard is defined as any condition posing a potential danger.
Develop emergency plans upon recognizing hazards to prepare for quick actions.

Handling Distractions and Aggression

Recognize distracted drivers by their drifting or inconsistent speeds, and avoid engaging aggressively with them.
Use low beams rather than high beams in most situations to prevent blinding other drivers.

Weather and Road Conditions

Wet brakes may grab or be weak; avoid deep water when possible.
Hydroplaning occurs when tires lose contact with the road; steering and braking may be ineffective.

Cargo Management

Drivers must inspect cargo for security, weight distribution, and visibility.
Minimum tie-downs required: two for any flatbed load, with one every 10 feet.
Cover cargo to protect against weather and spillage.

Bus Safety and Regulations

Inspect buses for secure handholds, seats, and emergency devices before operation.
Discharging a disruptive passenger should be done in safe locations.

Air Brake System Knowledge

Air tanks must be drained to remove moisture and prevent system poor performance.
Antilock brake systems (ABS) prevent wheel lock-up; check for ABS lamps for validation.
The slack adjusters should be monitored for proper adjustment.

Emergency Procedures

At an accident scene, remove your vehicle from danger to prevent further incidents.
Fire extinguishers should be used from a safe distance; they are ineffective against combustible metals.

Legal Weight Regulations

Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) indicates the vehicle's maximum weight, crucial for legal compliance.
Underloading front axles can impede steering and traction, posing safety risks during driving.

Conclusion

Maintain vigilance and preparation in driving practices, vehicle maintenance, and cargo management to ensure safe operations on the road.

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Description

Prepare for your Kentucky CDL permit with this flashcard quiz focused on vehicle inspection, safety checks, and steering system components. Review essential topics that will help you master the knowledge required for safe driving and compliance with regulations.