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Questions and Answers

What is the credit unit value of the HCM441 course?

  • 3 credit units
  • 4 credit units
  • 2 credit units (correct)
  • 1 credit unit

How many modules are included in the HCM441 course?

  • Two modules
  • Three modules (correct)
  • Five modules
  • Four modules

Which of the following is NOT listed as part of the course team for HCM441?

  • Mr. E.C. Majebi
  • Dr. M. Samaila
  • Dr. I.D. Idirisu
  • Mr. J.K. Adams (correct)

What approach focuses on the relationship between various factors in strategic management?

<p>Competence approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the HCM441 course?

<p>Strategic Management in Hospitality and Tourism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of strategic alliance mentioned?

<p>Merger and acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many study units does the HCM441 course consist of?

<p>15 units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which city is the headquarters of the National Open University of Nigeria located?

<p>Abuja (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in strategic management within the tourism and hospitality industry?

<p>Dynamic of content and context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit discusses the influence of Information and Communication Technologies on strategic repositioning?

<p>Unit 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the topics covered in the HCM441 course?

<p>Strategic Management Techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of strategic management does Unit 2 address?

<p>Barriers and resistance to strategy development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which email address is listed for contacting the National Open University of Nigeria?

<p><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategic method is likely to provide a competitive edge by examining operational and marketing strategies?

<p>Operational strategy analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study is included at the end of each unit to assess learners' understanding?

<p>Self study questions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which unit is a case study on Novotel presented?

<p>Unit 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does strategic analysis primarily provide for a firm?

<p>An overview of internal and external influences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of strategic management focuses on executing a defined strategy?

<p>Strategy implementation phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of SWOT analysis in strategic management?

<p>To assess a firm's internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the strategic management framework?

<p>Financial projections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of a firm is evaluated during the internal analysis phase of strategic management?

<p>Strengths and weaknesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the knowledge perspective emphasize in strategy formation?

<p>The organization as a whole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sustainable competitive advantage a result of in strategic management?

<p>Effective innovation and quality control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought emphasizes negotiation as crucial to strategy formation?

<p>Power perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the strategy formation phase?

<p>Defining the firm's direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the culture school, how is strategy formation characterized?

<p>Collective social interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is closely associated with strategic decision making?

<p>Chosing among alternatives for long-term success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a decision maker play in firms according to the environmental school?

<p>Boundary spanner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the configuration school define strategy?

<p>As transformational (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the strategy formation in the power perspective school?

<p>Power and politics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of strategic management concerning stakeholders?

<p>Creating value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the environment school posit about strategy formation?

<p>It reacts to market changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of events negatively impacted the demand for services in the hospitality and tourism industry?

<p>Terrorist attacks, disease outbreaks, and natural disasters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality is especially important for customer satisfaction in hospitality and tourism services?

<p>Intangible aspects like experiences and interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge related to the intangibility of services in hospitality and tourism?

<p>Customers cannot test services before purchase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hospitality and tourism organizations typically address the intangibility of their services?

<p>Providing a service guarantee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does heterogeneity in hospitality and tourism services primarily refer to?

<p>Variations in service delivery based on human interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes standardization difficult in the hospitality and tourism industry?

<p>Variability in the employee-customer interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can influence customer interactions in hospitality and tourism settings?

<p>Other customers present in the service environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can significantly affect the performance of hospitality and tourism organizations?

<p>External changes impacting demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does strategic choice evaluate?

<p>The selection of competitive strategies and options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy aims to achieve competitive advantage through reduced costs?

<p>Price based strategy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a differentiation strategy?

<p>High-quality products with unique designs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a strategic review, what must the preferred strategic option pass?

<p>Suitability, feasibility, and acceptability tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does a hybrid strategy face?

<p>Balancing low costs with added consumer value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of appraisal in an organization?

<p>To set future targets and review past performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT mentioned as a reference for comparative analysis?

<p>Peer reviews from competing organizations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in strategic implementation?

<p>Setting out the agreed organizational strategy document (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Corporate Strategies

Different approaches organizations use to achieve their goals, such as portfolio and competence approaches.

HCM441 Course

A 400-level, 2-credit unit course focusing on Strategic Management in Hospitality and Tourism, available to B.Sc Tourism Studies students.

Portfolio Approach

A corporate strategy focusing on managing diverse business units or parts within a company.

400 level Course

A higher-level undergraduate course in a university program.

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2 credit units

A course that requires a specific amount of workload, usually a set number of hours needed to complete the class.

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Competence Approach

A corporate strategy focusing on building and leveraging specific skills or capabilities.

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B.Sc Tourism Studies

A Bachelor of Science degree program focusing on the area of tourism.

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Strategic Alliances

Collaborations between companies to achieve shared goals.

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School of Management Sciences

A division or department of a university handling management-related subjects.

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Strategic Management

The process of developing and implementing strategies within an organization.

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15 Units

Number of separate topics that consist of strategic management in hospitality and tourism.

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Hospitality Industry

Businesses providing lodging, food, and services to tourists and visitors.

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Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Technology enabling communication and information exchange.

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3 Modules

The course is organized into three major sections of the HCM441.

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National Open University of Nigeria

A university providing flexible distance learning opportunities.

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Strategic Repositioning

Changing a company's position or methods to stay competitive.

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Power Perspective

Strategy formation driven by negotiation and power plays among organizations.

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Cultural School

Strategy emerges from collective action and social interactions within an organization.

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Environmental School

Strategy is reactive, shaped by the external environment, and the firm adapts based on macro and micro forces.

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Configuration School

Strategy involves transforming organizational structure to match a changing environment.

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Competitive Advantage

Unique resources or capabilities that allow a firm to outperform competitors, usually arising from their culture.

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Stakeholders

Individuals or groups with an interest in a company's success.

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Strategic Management Aim

Creating value for stakeholders through competitive advantage.

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Strategy Formation

Process of determining how an organization will achieve its goals.

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Strategic Management

The process of developing and implementing strategies to achieve organizational goals.

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SWOT Analysis

A method for evaluating internal strengths and weaknesses, along with external opportunities and threats to make strategic decisions.

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Strategic Decisions

Choices among options that impact long-term organizational direction and success.

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Strategy Formation

The process of determining a company's future course of action.

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Strategy Implementation

Putting a strategy into action by designing organizational structure and systems.

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Sustainable Competitive Advantage

An advantage a company maintains over others through its strategies, to gain a long term market advantage.

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Internal Analysis

Assessing a company's strengths and weaknesses.

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External Analysis

Evaluating opportunities and threats.

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Tangibility of Services

Hospitality services have both tangible (e.g., a hotel room) and intangible (e.g., service quality) aspects. Tangible parts are physical, while intangible components are experiences and interactions.

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Intangibility's Impact

Customers can't fully experience or test services before buying them, potentially leading to dissatisfaction.

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Service Heterogeneity

Hospitality services vary significantly, reflecting the human element in delivery, making standardization hard.

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Customer-to-Customer Interaction

In some hospitality settings (e.g., pubs), interactions between customers are part of the overall experience (for good or bad).

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External Factors' Impact

Hospitality businesses are affected by outside events like disasters or economic trends.

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Service Guarantee

A strategy to mitigate intangible service issues by promising customer satisfaction and offering a guarantee.

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Hospitality Industry Impact

Major events (like terrorist attacks or natural disasters) decrease demand for hospitality services.

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Tangible/Intangible Products

Hospitality businesses offer a combination of physical products (rooms, food) and intangible services (service quality, atmosphere).

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Financial Evaluation

Using share prices, earnings per share, and return on capital employed (ROCE) to assess a company's financial health.

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Appraisal (HR)

A process where employees discuss targets with managers and review performance against prior goals.

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Comparative Analysis

Evaluating an organization's performance by comparing it to its past performance, industry benchmarks, or best practices.

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Strategic Choice

Generating, evaluating, and selecting strategies to gain a competitive edge over competitors, typically by offering products that are cheaper, better, or both.

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Price-Based Strategy

Focusing on offering the lowest prices in the industry by using basic designs and reducing costs.

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Differentiation Strategy

Creating high product quality and uniqueness, often through design, innovation, quality control, and advertising.

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Strategic Implementation

Putting a chosen strategy into action, involving logistical and operational considerations.

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Hybrid Strategy

Combines high quality with low prices, challenging to achieve due to increased costs associated with added value.

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Study Notes

Course Guide Information

  • Course Code: HCM441
  • Course Title: Strategic Management in Hospitality and Tourism
  • Course Team:
    • Mr. E. C. Majebi (Course Developer/Writer) - NOUN
    • Dr. M. Samaila (Course Editor) - NOUN
    • Dr. I. D. Idirisu (Programme Leader) - NOUN
    • Miss. F. E. Nnanna (Course Co-ordinator) - NOUN
  • Course is a 400-level, 2-credit unit course
  • 15 units are part of the course, divided into three modules with five units each

Course Content

  • Introduction to Strategic Management
  • Strategic Management in Hospitality and Tourism
  • Corporate Strategy for Hospitality and Tourism
  • Hospitality and Tourism Industry Context
  • Macro Environment & Hospitality and Tourism
  • Task Environment and its influence
  • The Organization Context
  • Business Level Strategies
  • Corporate Level Strategies
  • Network Level Strategies
  • Strategy Formation
  • Strategy Implementation
  • Strategic Management problems
  • Strategy and ICT Application
  • Strategy Case study on Novotel

Course Aims

  • Equip learners with contemporary knowledge of strategic management
  • Develop analytical and practical managerial skills
  • Emphasize holistic approaches to strategic management that emphasizes synergies within both external and internal environments
  • Help learners both understand the basics of strategic management and develop their own approaches to complexities & uncertainties within business environments

Course Objectives (Learning Outcomes)

  • Analyzing historical origins of strategic management
  • Identifying schools of thought on strategic management
  • Defining key terms related to strategic management
  • Defining and analyzing the hospitality and tourism context
  • Explaining the characteristics of Hospitality and Tourism organizations
  • Evaluating the current level of strategy research in the Hospitality and Tourism field
  • Identifying the impact of mission and stakeholders
  • Identifying techniques of strategic analysis and choice
  • Detailing the strategic management implementation process
  • Explaining the role of the external environment in hospitality and tourism
  • Explaining strategy formulation from a contingency perspective
  • Explaining environment dimensions
  • Defining the macro environment
  • Analyzing different types of environment
  • Explaining how different environment types impact the hospitality and tourism industry
  • Analyzing the immediate (task) environment of hospitality and tourism
  • Connecting (relating) the Five Forces Model to hospitality and tourism
  • Explaining the dynamic of competition to hospitality and tourism
  • Explaining environmental scanning and its application to hospitality
  • Identifying different stakeholders
  • Analyzing organizational functions - Explaining organizational structure
  • Defining competitive strategy
  • Explaining positioning & generic business strategies
  • Assessing business-level strategies in hospitality and tourism firms
  • Understanding corporate strategy and its competences
  • Evaluating approaches for corporate strategy development
  • Assessing advantages & disadvantages of strategic alliances
  • Explaining management contracting, franchising, and joint ventures

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