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Questions and Answers

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is classified as a purine?

  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
  • Adenine (correct)
  • Thymine
  • What is the structure of DNA described as?

  • Straight ladder
  • Single strand with no pairing
  • Double helix (correct)
  • Triple helix
  • During transcription, which base in RNA replaces thymine found in DNA?

  • Uracil (correct)
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Adenine
  • What type of sugar is found in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence represents the correct base pairing in DNA?

    <p>Guanine - Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Lack of membrane-enclosed internal compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of magnification in microscopy?

    <p>It allows the observation of smaller objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects cell theory?

    <p>Cells are the basic units of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cytoplasm play in a cell?

    <p>It provides a site for metabolic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about plasma membranes is correct?

    <p>Glycoproteins are responsible for binding to substances the cell requires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes passive transport across the plasma membrane?

    <p>It allows the movement of substances down their concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?

    <p>The pH level of the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules can passively diffuse through biological membranes?

    <p>Small non-polar molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature influence diffusion rates?

    <p>Higher temperatures increase molecular movement and diffusion rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They have chromosomal DNA localized in a nucleoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for converting stored energy into ATP?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the nuclear envelope serve?

    <p>Separates DNA from the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?

    <p>Central vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Assemble amino acids into proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prokaryotic cells limit their size?

    <p>Due to their favorable surface area-to-volume ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxifying poisons?

    <p>Peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes plant cell walls from those of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They are composed of cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is larger in eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of facilitated transport protein is specific to a single substance and changes shape to carry it across the membrane?

    <p>Carrier proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of solution does water move into a cell due to lower osmolarity outside than inside?

    <p>Hypotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of active transport utilizes ATP directly to move ions against their concentration gradient?

    <p>Primary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves the cell membrane surrounding and engulfing a particle?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aquaporins in a cell?

    <p>Specific transport of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport involves moving substances against their concentration gradient without using ATP directly?

    <p>Secondary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a solution with equal concentrations of solute and solvent inside and outside the cell?

    <p>Isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pump carries two different ions in the same direction across the membrane?

    <p>Symporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the combined effects of concentration gradients and electrical gradients on ion movement?

    <p>Electrochemical gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

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