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Questions and Answers

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is classified as a purine?

  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
  • Adenine (correct)
  • Thymine

What is the structure of DNA described as?

  • Straight ladder
  • Single strand with no pairing
  • Double helix (correct)
  • Triple helix

During transcription, which base in RNA replaces thymine found in DNA?

  • Uracil (correct)
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Adenine

What type of sugar is found in RNA?

<p>Ribose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence represents the correct base pairing in DNA?

<p>Guanine - Cytosine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Synthesizing proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

<p>Lack of membrane-enclosed internal compartments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of magnification in microscopy?

<p>It allows the observation of smaller objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects cell theory?

<p>Cells are the basic units of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cytoplasm play in a cell?

<p>It provides a site for metabolic reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about plasma membranes is correct?

<p>Glycoproteins are responsible for binding to substances the cell requires. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes passive transport across the plasma membrane?

<p>It allows the movement of substances down their concentration gradient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?

<p>The pH level of the solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules can passively diffuse through biological membranes?

<p>Small non-polar molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature influence diffusion rates?

<p>Higher temperatures increase molecular movement and diffusion rates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells?

<p>They have chromosomal DNA localized in a nucleoid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for converting stored energy into ATP?

<p>Mitochondrion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the nuclear envelope serve?

<p>Separates DNA from the cytoplasm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?

<p>Central vacuole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Assemble amino acids into proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotic cells limit their size?

<p>Due to their favorable surface area-to-volume ratio. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxifying poisons?

<p>Peroxisome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plant cell walls from those of prokaryotic cells?

<p>They are composed of cellulose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is larger in eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of facilitated transport protein is specific to a single substance and changes shape to carry it across the membrane?

<p>Carrier proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solution does water move into a cell due to lower osmolarity outside than inside?

<p>Hypotonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of active transport utilizes ATP directly to move ions against their concentration gradient?

<p>Primary active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes involves the cell membrane surrounding and engulfing a particle?

<p>Phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aquaporins in a cell?

<p>Specific transport of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport involves moving substances against their concentration gradient without using ATP directly?

<p>Secondary active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a solution with equal concentrations of solute and solvent inside and outside the cell?

<p>Isotonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pump carries two different ions in the same direction across the membrane?

<p>Symporter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the combined effects of concentration gradients and electrical gradients on ion movement?

<p>Electrochemical gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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