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Questions and Answers

What are the two types of variables supported by the compiler?

  • BYTE and WORD (correct)
  • INTEGER and FLOAT
  • BOOLEAN and NULL
  • STRING and CHAR

What is the purpose of a register?

To keep a number (variable)

What is the primary function of the MOV instruction?

  • To compare two operands
  • To copy the second operand to the first operand (correct)
  • To add two operands
  • To subtract two operands

What is the significance of the ORG directive?

<p>It instructs the compiler how to handle the source code and calculate the correct address for all variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term "segment" refers to the value stored in a general-purpose register.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the stack?

<p>Keeping temporary data, return addresses, and flag registers for procedures and interrupts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The JMP instruction is a conditional jump instruction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the INT instruction?

<p>To execute a software interrupt</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of procedures in assembly language?

<p>To make the code more structured and easier to understand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a macro and a procedure?

<p>Macros are replaced with actual instructions during the compilation while procedures are blocks of code stored in memory and executed when called.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a data table to control external devices?

<p>To store values representing specific states or configurations for the device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of booting from a floppy disk?

<p>It allows you to keep the existing operating system untouched while making changes to the floppy drive and it's easier to modify its boot record.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the "#make_boot#" directive?

<p>To create a bootable .com file (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the INT 13h instruction?

<p>To read sectors from a floppy disk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the "include 'emu8086.inc'" line in the code?

<p>To include a library file with useful macros and procedures for simplifying common assembly tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to all loop instructions when the address of the desired location is too far?

<p>The assembler automatically generates reverse and long jump instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the LEA instruction?

<p>To load the effective address of a variable into a register (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The CMP instruction is also used to subtract two operands, similar to the SUB instruction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the "#fasm#" directive?

<p>This directive indicates that the following code is written for a flat assembler, like FASM, which uses a different syntax and doesn't require the offset directive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Assembly Language

A low-level programming language.

CPU

Central Processing Unit; the brain of the computer.

RAM

Random Access Memory; where programs are loaded.

General Purpose Registers

Registers in the CPU used for storing numbers (variables).

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AX

Accumulator register (16-bit), split into AH/AL (8-bit).

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BX

Base register (16-bit), split into BH/BL (8-bit).

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CX

Count register (16-bit), split into CH/CL (8-bit).

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DX

Data register (16-bit), split into DH/DL (8-bit).

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SI

Source index register (16-bit).

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DI

Destination index register (16-bit).

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BP

Base pointer register (16-bit).

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SP

Stack pointer register (16-bit).

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Segment Registers

Used to access blocks of memory.

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CS

Code segment register.

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DS

Data segment register.

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ES

Extra segment register.

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SS

Stack segment register.

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Effective Address

Address formed by segment register and general-purpose register.

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IP

Instruction Pointer.

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Flags Register

Determines the microprocessor's current state.

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Memory Access (Addressing Modes)

Different ways to access memory using registers.

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Study Notes

8086 Assembler Tutorial for Beginners (Part 1)

  • This tutorial is for beginners unfamiliar with assembler.
  • Knowledge of another programming language (e.g., Basic, C/C++, Pascal) is helpful.
  • Understanding number representation (hexadecimal, binary) is recommended.

What is Assembly Language?

  • Assembly language is a low-level programming language.
  • Requires knowledge of computer structure.
  • A simple model includes a System Bus (yellow) connecting components.
  • The CPU is the computer's central processing unit.
  • Calculations occur inside the CPU.
  • RAM (Random Access Memory) is where programs are loaded.

Inside the CPU

  • The CPU contains general-purpose registers (e.g., AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, BP, SP).
  • These are 16-bit registers, often divided into 8-bit parts (e.g., AX = AH + AL).
  • Segment registers (CS, DS, ES, SS) specify memory locations.
    • CS: points to the segment containing the current program.
    • DS: generally points to the segment where variables are defined.
    • ES: extra segment register.
    • SS: points to the segment containing the stack.
  • The Instruction Pointer (IP) points to currently executing instructions.
  • The flags register contains the state of the microprocessor.

Memory Access

  • Memory locations are accessed using these 4 general registers: BX, SI, DI, BP in combination using the addressing modes.
  • d8 - stays for 8-bit signed immediate displacement (e.g., 22, 55h, -1).
  • d16 - stays for 16-bit signed immediate displacement (e.g., 300, 5517h, -259).
  • Combining registers allows access to a wider range of memory addresses.
  • Segment and general purpose registers are needed to specify addresses.

MOV Instruction

  • Copies the second operand to the first operand.
  • Operands can be immediate values, registers, or memory locations.
  • Both operands must be the same size (byte or word).
  • Segment registers are only accessible in certain operand types.

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8086 Assembler Tutorial PDF

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