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Questions and Answers

What effect do dysrhythmias have on cardiac output (CO)?

  • They have no effect on CO.
  • They decrease CO by altering stroke volume and heart rate. (correct)
  • They only affect heart rate without impacting stroke volume.
  • They increase CO by raising stroke volume.

Which of the following correctly describes the function of the semilunar valves?

  • They open with ventricular diastole.
  • They close during ventricular diastole.
  • They open with ventricular systole. (correct)
  • They prevent backflow into the atria.

In which part of the heart does unoxygenated blood return through the vena cava?

  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
  • Right atrium (correct)
  • Left atrium

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

<p>Atrial depolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the conduction system is responsible for initiating the heart's electrical impulse?

<p>SA node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the QRS complex on an ECG indicate?

<p>Atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of each small square on an ECG paper?

<p>0.04 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following includes the anatomical structure that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

<p>Aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the ventricular rate from an EKG strip using the 6 second method?

<p>Count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second interval and multiply by 10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a regular rhythm in heart measurements?

<p>R to R intervals vary by less than 0.06 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the normal appearance of P waves?

<p>Rounded and upright (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing P waves, what is one of the questions to ask?

<p>Are the P waves smooth, rounded, and upright? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal duration range for a P wave?

<p>0.06–0.12 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a PR interval measure?

<p>The time from the onset of atrial contraction to the onset of ventricular contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is an irregular rhythm identified?

<p>Intervals between R waves vary by more than 0.06 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely cause for variation in P wave appearance?

<p>Problem in atrial conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a cause of heart palpitations?

<p>Low blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of rate control treatment for tachyarrhythmias?

<p>Maintain ventricular rate between 80-100 beats/minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is typically NOT used for rate control in tachyarrhythmias?

<p>Antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with heart failure (HF)?

<p>Confusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about atrial flutter compared to other tachyarrhythmias?

<p>It features sawtooth-shaped flutter waves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological trigger for palpitations?

<p>Anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typical of tachyarrhythmias?

<p>Rapid heart rates exceeding normal limits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a classic sign of cardiac issues related to hypertensive heart disease?

<p>Dizziness or light-headedness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical rate of cardiac output when the SA and AV nodes have failed?

<p>40 to 100 beats per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may be present due to compromised cardiac output?

<p>Dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a run of ventricular tachycardia?

<p>A run of 3 or more PVCs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of monomorphic VT?

<p>Uniform QRS shape and size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should not be used for treating ventricular rhythms as they can further reduce heart rate?

<p>Drugs that suppress ventricular rhythms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes torsades de pointes?

<p>Polymorphic VT with a prolonged QT interval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often well-tolerated and does not usually require treatment?

<p>AIVR in the setting of acute MI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of hypoperfusion?

<p>Mottled skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes asystole in a patient?

<p>Total absence of ventricular electrical activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)?

<p>Hypovolemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary initial treatment for a patient presenting with PEA?

<p>CPR followed by drug therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about asystole is true?

<p>P waves may occasionally be present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes asystole from ventricular fibrillation (VF)?

<p>Asystole has no visible electrical activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the prognosis-patient with asystole considered very poor?

<p>Patient has end-stage heart disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to PEA?

<p>Tension pneumothorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should asystole be confirmed in a patient?

<p>By assessing the rhythm in more than one lead (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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