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Questions and Answers

What effect do dysrhythmias have on cardiac output (CO)?

  • They have no effect on CO.
  • They decrease CO by altering stroke volume and heart rate. (correct)
  • They only affect heart rate without impacting stroke volume.
  • They increase CO by raising stroke volume.

    • Which of the following correctly describes the function of the semilunar valves?

  • They open with ventricular diastole.
  • They close during ventricular diastole.
  • They open with ventricular systole. (correct)
  • They prevent backflow into the atria.

    • In which part of the heart does unoxygenated blood return through the vena cava?

  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
  • Right atrium (correct)
  • Left atrium

    • What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

    <p>Atrial depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the conduction system is responsible for initiating the heart's electrical impulse?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the QRS complex on an ECG indicate?

    <p>Atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of each small square on an ECG paper?

    <p>0.04 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following includes the anatomical structure that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate the ventricular rate from an EKG strip using the 6 second method?

    <p>Count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second interval and multiply by 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a regular rhythm in heart measurements?

    <p>R to R intervals vary by less than 0.06 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the normal appearance of P waves?

    <p>Rounded and upright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing P waves, what is one of the questions to ask?

    <p>Are the P waves smooth, rounded, and upright?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal duration range for a P wave?

    <p>0.06–0.12 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a PR interval measure?

    <p>The time from the onset of atrial contraction to the onset of ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an irregular rhythm identified?

    <p>Intervals between R waves vary by more than 0.06 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely cause for variation in P wave appearance?

    <p>Problem in atrial conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a cause of heart palpitations?

    <p>Low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of rate control treatment for tachyarrhythmias?

    <p>Maintain ventricular rate between 80-100 beats/minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is typically NOT used for rate control in tachyarrhythmias?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with heart failure (HF)?

    <p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about atrial flutter compared to other tachyarrhythmias?

    <p>It features sawtooth-shaped flutter waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological trigger for palpitations?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is typical of tachyarrhythmias?

    <p>Rapid heart rates exceeding normal limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a classic sign of cardiac issues related to hypertensive heart disease?

    <p>Dizziness or light-headedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical rate of cardiac output when the SA and AV nodes have failed?

    <p>40 to 100 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may be present due to compromised cardiac output?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a run of ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>A run of 3 or more PVCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a characteristic of monomorphic VT?

    <p>Uniform QRS shape and size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be used for treating ventricular rhythms as they can further reduce heart rate?

    <p>Drugs that suppress ventricular rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes torsades de pointes?

    <p>Polymorphic VT with a prolonged QT interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often well-tolerated and does not usually require treatment?

    <p>AIVR in the setting of acute MI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of hypoperfusion?

    <p>Mottled skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes asystole in a patient?

    <p>Total absence of ventricular electrical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary initial treatment for a patient presenting with PEA?

    <p>CPR followed by drug therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about asystole is true?

    <p>P waves may occasionally be present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes asystole from ventricular fibrillation (VF)?

    <p>Asystole has no visible electrical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is the prognosis-patient with asystole considered very poor?

    <p>Patient has end-stage heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to PEA?

    <p>Tension pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should asystole be confirmed in a patient?

    <p>By assessing the rhythm in more than one lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

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