Kardio Vaskula Diwiti

Cardiovascular Disease Overview

• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a broad term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.
• CVD is a major cause of illness and death worldwide.
• Important causes include blood clots (thrombosis) and atherosclerosis.
• Atherosclerosis involves the build-up of fatty deposits in arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow.
• Conditions linked to atherosclerosis: coronary heart disease (angina, heart attack), stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and peripheral arterial disease.

CVD Statistics

• CVD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
• Annually, the NHS spends over £29 billion on CVD.
• Approximately one in three deaths are due to CVD.
• Standardized death rates for heart and circulatory diseases vary across different UK regions.

CVD Risk Factors

• Non-modifiable: age (over 50 increases risk), gender (men generally at higher risk), family history of CVD, ethnicity (some ethnicities have a higher risk).
• Modifiable: smoking, low HDL cholesterol, high non-HDL cholesterol, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol intake, overweight/obesity.

CVD Comorbidities

• Conditions that raise the risk for CVD include: hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, influenza, serious mental health problems (anxiety specifically linked to coronary artery disease), and periodontitis.

CVD Treatments

• Treatments can be curative, palliative (manage symptoms), or symptomatic (relieve symptoms).
• Medications used include statins (reduce cholesterol), beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers (affect heart rate & blood pressure), diuretics (reduce blood volume), vasodilators, positive inotropes (increase heart contractility).
• Other treatments: anticoagulants and anti-platelets, thrombolytics (break down blood clots), ablation, cardiac resynchronization therapy.

CVD Prevention

• The UK has a national health check program for people aged 40-74 who haven't been diagnosed with CVD, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease.
• This program offers assessments for CVD risk, advice on lifestyle (smoking, weight, diet, alcohol, activity).
• People should be given lifestyle advice to help reduce cardiovascular disease risk, regardless of their risk assessment score.

Dis quiz emi for save long ol samting abaout Kardio Vaskula Diwiti we i afectem had mo hemiko. Yu bae laekem long ol faktor we i poten jil mot long CVD mo ol statistiks abaout hem. Inkludum ol samting oa atherosclerosis, blo klots, mo ol risfaktas.