Karak Samas in Sanskrit

कारक समास (Karak Samas)

Definition

• कारक समास is a type of समास (compound word) in Sanskrit, where two or more words are combined to form a new word.
• In कारक समास, the second word is a कारक (karak), which is a grammatical term indicating a noun's relation to the verb.

Characteristics

• The first word is usually a noun or a pronoun.
• The second word is a कारक, indicating the relationship between the noun and the verb.
• The resulting compound word has a specific meaning that is different from the individual words.

Examples

• कर्तृ समास: Agent-compound, where the second word indicates the doer of the action.
  • Example: पितृव्य (pitṛ-vya) - brother's father (पितृ = father, व्य = brother)
• कर्म समास: Object-compound, where the second word indicates the object of the action.
  • Example: ग्रामपाल (grāma-pāla) - village guardian (ग्राम = village, पाल = guardian)
• करण समास: Instrument-compound, where the second word indicates the instrument of the action.
  • Example: हस्तलेख (hasta-lekha) - hand-writing (हस्त = hand, लेख = writing)
• संप्रदान समास: Recipient-compound, where the second word indicates the recipient of the action.
  • Example: मातृभक्त (mātṛ-bhakta) - mother's devotee (मातृ = mother, भक्त = devotee)
• अपादान समास: Source-compound, where the second word indicates the source of the action.
  • Example: मुखापसृत (mukha-apasṛt) - face-turned (मुख = face, अपसृत = turned away)

कारक समास (Karak Samas)

Definition

• Karak Samas is a type of compound word in Sanskrit where two or more words combine to form a new word.
• The second word in a Karak Samas is a Karak, which indicates a noun's relation to the verb.

Characteristics

• The first word is usually a noun or a pronoun.
• The second word is a Karak, indicating the relationship between the noun and the verb.
• The resulting compound word has a specific meaning that differs from the individual words.

Types of Karak Samas

कर्तृ समास (Agent-Compound)

• Indicates the doer of the action.
• Example: पितृव्य (pitṛ-vya) - brother's father (पितृ = father, व्य = brother)

कर्म समास (Object-Compound)

• Indicates the object of the action.
• Example: ग्रामपाल (grāma-pāla) - village guardian (ग्राम = village, पाल = guardian)

करण समास (Instrument-Compound)

• Indicates the instrument of the action.
• Example: हस्तलेख (hasta-lekha) - hand-writing (हस्त = hand, लेख = writing)

संप्रदान समास (Recipient-Compound)

• Indicates the recipient of the action.
• Example: मातृभक्त (mātṛ-bhakta) - mother's devotee (मातृ = mother, भक्त = devotee)

अपादान समास (Source-Compound)

• Indicates the source of the action.
• Example: मुखापसृत (mukha-apasṛt) - face-turned (मुख = face, अपसृत = turned away)

Dividend and Divisor

• The given polynomial is x⁵ + x⁴ + x³ + x² + 2x + 2.
• The quotient (q(x)) is to be found.
• When the polynomial is divided by q(x), the quotient is x² + x + 1.
• The remainder is x + 1.