कंप्यूटर वायरस: प्रकार और प्रभाव

Computer Virus

• A self-replicating program that can spread from one computer to another.
• It typically attaches itself to legitimate programs or files, often without the user's knowledge.
• Viruses are harmful because they can damage, delete, or steal data and disrupt computer operations.
• They can spread through various means such as email attachments, infected websites, or shared removable media.

Virus Types

• Boot sector viruses: Infect the master boot record, preventing the operating system from loading.
• File infector viruses: Infect executable files (.exe, .com, etc.). These viruses replicate by inserting copies of themselves into other files.
• Macro viruses: These viruses exploit the macro programming features in applications like Microsoft Word and Excel. They spread by embedding themselves within documents.
• Multipartite viruses: Combination of boot sector and file infector viruses, targeting both the boot sector and files. This enhances their ability to spread across different systems.
• Polymorphic viruses: Change their code structure to avoid detection by antivirus software. They continuously mutate and adapt their code to avoid identification. This increases their resilience.
• Stealth viruses: Hide their presence by altering the file size or preventing system tools from detecting their existence.
• Resident viruses: Load into computer memory and remain active until the computer is turned off. These viruses can cause significant problems if the infection is not removed.
• Non-resident viruses: Do not reside in computer memory but replicate when a specific file is used. These viruses have a less pervasive effect, compared to resident types.

Harmful Effects of Computer Viruses

• Data loss: Viruses can delete or overwrite files, rendering data inaccessible.
• System damage: Viruses can corrupt system files, leading to instability or crashes.
• Hardware failure: In severe cases, viruses can damage hardware components such as hard drives or memory.
• Performance degradation: Slowing down the computer and making programs run sluggishly.
• Identity theft: Viruses can steal personal information, financial data, and passwords.
• Spam generation: Viruses can be used to send massive amounts of unwanted emails, consuming network bandwidth.
• Spyware and Malware: Viruses that gather user data, or perform malicious actions, often leading to unwanted advertisements or hidden computer activities.
• Network disruption: Viruses can disrupt network communication between interconnected systems, rendering them unusable.
• Monetary loss: Damage to data, productivity, and requiring expensive repairs.
• Infections in other systems: Spread of the viruses to connected networks and other computers that share resources.
• Denial-of-service attacks: These attacks, often performed by viruses, flood a system with requests, making it unavailable to legitimate users.
• Spread through Email: Viruses often hide within email attachments and entice users to open them. These email attachments may often imitate familiar and reliable sources, adding a layer of deception.

इस क्विज में आप कंप्यूटर वायरस के प्रकारों और उनके प्रभावों के बारे में जानेंगे। यह आत्म-प्रतिकारक प्रोग्राम्स जैसे बूट सेक्टर वायरस, फ़ाइल इंफेक्टर वायरस और मैक्रो वायरस की पहचान और कार्यप्रणाली को स्पष्ट करेगा। इन वायरसों से सुरक्षा के उपाय भी समझाए जाएंगे।