Podcast
Questions and Answers
Bruner proposed three modes of ______ in his research on cognitive development.
Bruner proposed three modes of ______ in his research on cognitive development.
representation
The first mode of representation proposed by Bruner is ______ representation.
The first mode of representation proposed by Bruner is ______ representation.
enactive
Bruner's second mode of representation is known as ______ representation.
Bruner's second mode of representation is known as ______ representation.
iconic
The third mode of representation, according to Bruner, is ______ representation.
The third mode of representation, according to Bruner, is ______ representation.
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Bruner's theory suggests a progression from enactive to ______ to symbolic representation.
Bruner's theory suggests a progression from enactive to ______ to symbolic representation.
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Bruner's research indicates that learners can grasp material if instruction is ______ appropriately.
Bruner's research indicates that learners can grasp material if instruction is ______ appropriately.
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Discovery Learning encourages students to draw on their past ______ and existing knowledge.
Discovery Learning encourages students to draw on their past ______ and existing knowledge.
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Critics of Discovery Learning argue that it may lead to cognitive ______.
Critics of Discovery Learning argue that it may lead to cognitive ______.
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Authentic learning brings into play multiple ______, multiple perspectives, and different ways of working.
Authentic learning brings into play multiple ______, multiple perspectives, and different ways of working.
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Integrative TLE teaching involves real-world problems and real-world ______.
Integrative TLE teaching involves real-world problems and real-world ______.
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Constructivist TLE learning encourages students to engage in ______ such as questioning procedures and tacit assumptions.
Constructivist TLE learning encourages students to engage in ______ such as questioning procedures and tacit assumptions.
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The demonstration method often involves a student or teacher performing while the rest become ______.
The demonstration method often involves a student or teacher performing while the rest become ______.
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During the planning phase, the class decides on the object of the demonstration, the person or ______ to conduct it, and the required materials.
During the planning phase, the class decides on the object of the demonstration, the person or ______ to conduct it, and the required materials.
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Before the demonstration is done, all the preliminaries, including materials and ______, should be prepared.
Before the demonstration is done, all the preliminaries, including materials and ______, should be prepared.
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Executing involves students carrying out or ______ the same performance shown during the activity.
Executing involves students carrying out or ______ the same performance shown during the activity.
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The demonstrator must be knowledgeable in preparing the ______ needed according to the steps to be followed.
The demonstrator must be knowledgeable in preparing the ______ needed according to the steps to be followed.
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This strategy allows for more time to be spent on deeper and more analytical and evaluative ______ when on-site.
This strategy allows for more time to be spent on deeper and more analytical and evaluative ______ when on-site.
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Many students may be unaware of the ______, significance or background of a site that is necessary for critical consideration.
Many students may be unaware of the ______, significance or background of a site that is necessary for critical consideration.
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Encourage students to ask questions of guides, to interact with the site and its ______, and to chat with other visitors.
Encourage students to ask questions of guides, to interact with the site and its ______, and to chat with other visitors.
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Have students think about how what they experienced at the site ______ or contradicts what they have read or discussed in class.
Have students think about how what they experienced at the site ______ or contradicts what they have read or discussed in class.
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Leave time for discussion on site while the issues are ______; always follow up field studies with a discussion in class.
Leave time for discussion on site while the issues are ______; always follow up field studies with a discussion in class.
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Try, where it is useful, to find new or slightly oblique ways to teach ______.
Try, where it is useful, to find new or slightly oblique ways to teach ______.
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Inform students of upcoming assignments/assessments on what they learn during their field ______.
Inform students of upcoming assignments/assessments on what they learn during their field ______.
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This involves using appropriate ______ to teach specific knowledge and skill in teaching ICT, Agriculture, Home Economics.
This involves using appropriate ______ to teach specific knowledge and skill in teaching ICT, Agriculture, Home Economics.
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Study Notes
Jerome Bruner's Three Modes of Representation
- Bruner's theory outlines three modes of representation: enactive, iconic, and symbolic.
- Enactive representation is action-based and involves learning through physical movements and actions.
- Iconic representation is image-based and involves learning through visual aids and mental imagery.
- Symbolic representation is language-based and uses symbols and abstract concepts.
Bruner's Constructivist Theory
- Suggests a progression from enactive to symbolic representation is effective for learning.
- Implies that learners of all ages can grasp complex concepts with appropriate instruction.
Discovery Learning
- Is an inquiry-based approach where learners actively explore, manipulate, and problem-solve.
- Promotes student engagement and can lead to deeper understanding and retention of knowledge.
- Examples of discovery learning models include guided discovery, problem-based learning, and simulation-based learning.
- Critics argue that discovery learning can lead to cognitive overload, misconceptions, and difficulty identifying learning gaps.
Robert Gagne's Learning Hierarchy
- Gagne expanded on existing behavioral and information processing theories and translated them into practical instructional strategies.
- Advocates for a structured approach to learning, emphasizing a logical progression of skills.
Authentic Learning
- Involves real-world tasks and problems to foster deep understanding and application of knowledge.
- Integrates multiple disciplines and perspectives to replicate real-world contexts.
- On-the-job training is considered a form of authentic learning.
Constructivist TLE Learning
- Emphasis on student-led inquiry and the construction of new knowledge.
- TLE teachers act as facilitators, encouraging questioning and critical thinking.
- Avoids passive lecturing and promotes active engagement with concepts.
Demonstration Method
- A learning activity where a student, group, or the teacher performs a task while others observe.
- Particularly useful for skills requiring technical know-how and the use of specialized equipment.
- The process is structured and involves planning, demonstration, and practice.
Field Studies as a Learning Strategy
- Offers a hands-on, immersive learning experience.
- Promotes deeper understanding through direct observation and interaction with the environment.
- Encourages students to ask questions, consider different perspectives, and reflect on their learning.
- Can be used to illustrate concepts in a new and engaging way.
- Pre-trip preparation and post-trip discussions are recommended to maximize learning outcomes.
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