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Questions and Answers

What is one of the physical features associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome?

  • Rounded face (correct)
  • Small chin
  • Large head
  • Wide spaced eyes

Which of the following conditions can be associated with chromosome 9 inversion?

  • Mild developmental delays
  • Cleft lip
  • Microcephaly
  • Congenital anomalies (correct)

Which gene is associated with developmental delay and facial abnormalities in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome?

  • NSD1
  • LETM1
  • MSX1
  • NSD2 (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common outcome associated with chromosome 9 inversion?

<p>Seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosomal deletion occurs when two breaks happen in the same chromosome arm?

<p>Interstitial deletion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of structural chromosomal variant involves a part of a chromosome being deleted?

<p>Deletion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is indicative of a broad, flattened bridge of the nose in chromosomal syndromes?

<p>Flat facial profile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is associated with low birth weight in chromosomal abnormalities?

<p>Microcephaly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic physical feature of Patau Syndrome?

<p>Extra toes or fingers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT typically associated with Down Syndrome?

<p>Low birthweight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding trisomy conditions?

<p>Patau Syndrome can cause severe mental retardation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically NOT associated with increased vulnerability to autism spectrum disorders?

<p>Holoprosencephaly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a feature commonly seen in both Down Syndrome and Patau Syndrome?

<p>Heart defects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

<p>Down Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What developmental issue is particularly associated with Patau Syndrome?

<p>Severe mental retardation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature is a common physical manifestation of Down Syndrome?

<p>Presence of epicanthic folds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of Warkany Syndrome related to facial characteristics?

<p>Prominent forehead (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the chromosomal condition associated with Warkany Syndrome?

<p>Trisomy 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause structural aberrations in chromosomes?

<p>Exposure to teratogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes the reduced distance between the eyes?

<p>Hypotelorism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cytogenetic notation, what does 'p' denote?

<p>Short arm of the chromosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the notable physical features associated with Warkany Syndrome?

<p>High arched or cleft palate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'inversion' refer to in structural rearrangements?

<p>A segment is reversed end to end (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about chromosome numbering?

<p>Chromosomes are numbered based on size and structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TMPRSS2 in the TMPRSS2 and ERG fusion?

<p>Transmembrane protease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of sample used in cytogenetic analysis?

<p>Hematopoietic stem cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in karyotyping?

<p>To stimulate cell metabolic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reagent is used to prevent the formation of spindle fibers during cytogenetic analysis?

<p>Colcemid/Colchicine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for prenatal testing to detect chromosomal abnormalities?

<p>Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of cytogenetic analysis in cancer treatment?

<p>Identifying chromosomal abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of potassium chloride solution in cytogenetic analysis?

<p>Bursts the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does FISH stand for in the context of genetic analysis?

<p>Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of isochromosomes?

<p>They are formed by abnormal division of the centromeres. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a balanced translocation imply?

<p>There is no change in the amount of genetic material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an unbalanced translocation from a balanced one?

<p>Unbalanced translocation results in partial monosomy or trisomy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a Robertsonian translocation occur?

<p>Through the centromere fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event does NOT contribute to the formation of a translocation?

<p>Balanced distribution of chromatin during cell division. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosomes are typically involved in a Robertsonian translocation?

<p>Acrocentric chromosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood cells (blast cells) as they mature?

<p>They become larger until they rupture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the movement of a segment of a chromosome to another location?

<p>Translocation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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