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Questions and Answers

What is considered more economically viable in terms of environmental protection?

Cleaning the environment after it is damaged

Funding scientific research alone

Changing individual actions to prevent damage (correct)

Ignoring environmental issues

Which medium has a strong influence on public awareness regarding environmental issues?

Non-profit organizations

Printing and electronic media (correct)

Social media only

Private conversations

What role do politicians play in response to public support for environmental movements?

They ignore public opinion

They respond positively to strong public support (correct)

They respond negatively to such movements

They enforce stricter laws without public input

Which of the following is NOT listed as an area of scope in environmental studies?

Tropical weather patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of green marketing?

Focusing on products with environmental benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the newly emerging career options in environmental studies?

Environmental Health & Safety Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a responsibility we all share regarding the environment?

To spread awareness on conservation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of environmental laws and legislation?

To create awareness about environmental problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason for the deforestation in Gadchiroli District?

Government policies Signup and view all the answers

What role did the village council of Mendha village play in forest conservation?

Made permission compulsory for commercial projects Signup and view all the answers

What inspired the Appiko Movement in Karnataka Province?

Chipko Andolan Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Appiko Movement?

Restoration of forest areas and protection of remaining tropical forests Signup and view all the answers

Which committee in Mendha village is responsible for forest protection decisions?

Van Suraksha Samiti Signup and view all the answers

What was the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources renamed to in 2006?

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Signup and view all the answers

How did the villagers express their commitment to forest conservation during the Appiko Movement?

By hugging trees Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary vision of the Ministry of Rural Development?

To achieve sustainable and inclusive growth of rural India Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations is NOT classified as a Government Organization?

Green Earth Initiative Signup and view all the answers

What has the presence of tribal village-level committees led to in Gadchiroli District?

Reduction in unsustainable forest use Signup and view all the answers

When was the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) established?

1890 Signup and view all the answers

What term is used locally in Kannada for the act of 'hugging' trees as part of the Appiko Movement?

Appiko Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)?

To engage in a variety of social purposes Signup and view all the answers

The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is known for offering what?

Academic courses and wildlife management research Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the Forest Research Institute (FRI) established?

1878 Signup and view all the answers

Which organization has the mandate to conduct a survey of fauna in India?

Zoological Survey of India Signup and view all the answers

What actions were inspired by the sacrifices of the Bishnois?

The Chipko movement Signup and view all the answers

Who initiated the Chipko movement?

Amrita Devi Signup and view all the answers

Which element of the Chipko movement emphasized its non-violent nature?

Tree hugging Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

To oppose dam construction on the Narmada river Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Chipko movement have by the 1980s?

Formation of people-sensitive forest policies Signup and view all the answers

Which geographic region first witnessed the modern Chipko movement?

Uttarakhand Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the IUCN?

Supporting scientific research and developing environmental policy Signup and view all the answers

How many people are estimated to be displaced by the proposed Sardar Sarovar Dam?

250,000 Signup and view all the answers

Which leader is associated with the Chipko movement?

Sunderlal Bahuguna Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) established?

1965 Signup and view all the answers

What is the headquarters location of the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Geneva, Switzerland Signup and view all the answers

What was the former name of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)?

World Wildlife Federation Signup and view all the answers

What role does the UNDP play in developing countries?

Advocating for change and providing expert advice Signup and view all the answers

How many countries does the IUCN operate in?

160 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations primarily focuses on conservation and environmental projects?

WWF Signup and view all the answers

Which organization connects countries with knowledge and resources to handle global development challenges?

UNDP Signup and view all the answers

What earthquake magnitude do dam proponents claim the Tehri dam can withstand?

8.4 magnitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence if the Tehri dam were to break?

It could submerge numerous towns downstream. Signup and view all the answers

How much has the flow of the Bhagirathi water been reduced due to the reservoir filling?

From 1,000 cubic feet per second to 200 cubic feet per second Signup and view all the answers

What primary concern is raised by local Hindus regarding the Tehri dam?

Compromise of the Ganges' sanctity Signup and view all the answers

How many people were relocated due to the Tehri dam project?

100,000 Signup and view all the answers

What has decreased because of the reservoir's filling at the Tehri dam?

The flow of the Bhagirathi River Signup and view all the answers

Who has the potential to promote the concept of sustainable development in education?

Teachers and students alike Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an environmental concern related to the construction of the Tehri dam?

Increased habitat destruction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Environmental Education

Environment is derived from the French word environner, meaning to encircle or surround.
Environment encompasses surroundings, circumstances, and conditions affecting an individual or community.
It includes physical, chemical, biological, and social components that directly or indirectly influence organisms.

Environment Protection Act 1986

Environment includes water, air, land, and the interrelationships between them, as well as human beings, other living creatures, plants, microorganisms, and property.

Environmental Issues

Rapid industrialization, development, and population explosion have damaged the ecological balance.
Higher socioeconomic classes contribute to pollution through their lifestyles.
Poorer socioeconomic classes struggle to survive by degrading the environment.
Recognizing environmental issues led to the development of Environmental Studies.

Environmental Studies

Environmental Studies is the scientific study of the environmental system and its inherent and induced changes on organisms.
It includes the study of physical, biological, and cultural factors, as well as human impact on the environment.
The aim of environmental education is to foster awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and skills to solve real-world environmental problems and improve quality of life.

Important Meetings/Conferences

UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992)
General Assembly Special Session on the Environment (1997)
World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)
UN Conference on Sustainable Development (2012)
UN Sustainable Development Summit (2015)
The first United Nations conference on "Human Environment "was held at Stockholm (Sweden) in June 1972 and after the conference 5th June was declared as “World Environment Day”
International workshop on Environmental Education was held in Belgrade, Serbia in 1975.
First Intergovernmental conference on Environmental Education was held in Tbilisi, Georgia (former USSR) in 1977.
National seminar on higher environmental education was held in New Delhi in 1979 followed by a five day global forum on environmental education for sustainable development in 1993 at New Delhi.
An International conference on Environmental Education was also held at New Delhi in December 1982, stressing the need for formal as well as informal environmental education right from childhood.
An United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held at Rio-de-Janerio (Brazil) in 1992 giving the stress on Environmental education and Agenda 21.

Types of Environmental Education

Formal Education: Systematic environmental education provided from primary schooling to higher university level.
Non-Formal Education: Environmental education provided through activities like Nukad natak, lectures, awareness programs, rallies, advertisements, debates, quizzes, poster making, etc.

Goals, Objectives, and Aims of Environmental Education

The main goal of environmental education is to develop concern and awareness among people about the total environment and its associated problems.
Other goals include improving the quality of environment, creating awareness on environmental problems and conservation, and empowering people to participate in decision-making and evaluating development programs.
The objectives of environmental education include developing awareness and sensitivity toward the environment, gaining knowledge and understanding of the environment, acquiring values and feelings of concern for the environment, and acquiring skills to identify and solve environmental problems, and stimulating participation.

Aims of Environmental Education

To provide different groups of people and graduates with the necessary knowledge to develop a sense of responsibility towards the environment and its resources.
To apply knowledge and skills to preserve, conserve, and utilize the environment for present and future generations.

Branches of Environmental Education

Environmental Science: Deals with the scientific study of the environment.
Environmental Engineering: Deals with applying science through technical means to study and manage environmental processes.
Environmental Management: Studies policy formation and management of environmental issues.

Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Education

Environment impacts all living things.
Studying how the environment is polluted helps set standards for conservation and healthy ecosystems.
A study of the environment incorporates many scientific disciplines and areas of study.

Need for Public Awareness

Earth's natural resources are decreasing due to increased human activities.
Mismanagement of practices leads to the depletion of air, water, and soil quality.
Increase in pollution, global warming, ozone depletion, desertification, and climate change are the result of human activities.
Environmental awareness is essential.

Responsible Actions

Managing all natural resources is not solely the government's responsibility; individual action is necessary.
Preventing environmental damage is better than remediating it.
Individual efforts can reduce waste of natural resources.

Mass Public Awareness

Mass public awareness is important for environmental issues.
Newspapers, radio, television, and other media outlets can influence the public.
Politicians respond positively to strong public support for environmental movements.

Scope of Environment

Includes natural resource conservation and management, ecology, and biodiversity.
Addresses environmental pollution control and social issues related to development and environmental concerns. - Includes stabilization of human population in relation to environmental sustainability.

R&D in Environment

Environmental Analysis
Ecosystem Analysis
Community Studies
Environmental Degradation
Environmental Monitoring
Impact Assessment and development
Environmental Health & Safety

Green Advocacy

Environmental laws and legislation aim to create public awareness of environmental issues through formal and informal education.
The need for environmental lawyers has emerged due to the increasing emphasis on implementing environmental laws and acts.

Green Marketing

Green marketing involves promoting products and/or services based on their environmental benefits.
Marketing strategies should focus on sustainable manufacturing methods, non-toxic materials, recycled materials, renewable materials, avoidance of excessive packaging, and design for repairability.

Eco-Marking

India launched ECOMARK as a voluntary eco-labeling scheme.
The scheme encourages industry to adopt eco-friendly production methods and promote sustainable consumption patterns.

Environmental Organization

Several government ministries and other organizations aim to protect and conserve the environment.
These groups are responsible for various projects and activities. -Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC): Its broad objectives involve conservation and survey of flora, fauna, forests, and wildlife; prevention and control of pollution; afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas; protection of environment; and ensuring the welfare of animals
Ministry of Jal Shakti: This ministry is responsible for developing, conserving, and managing water resources as a national resource.
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE): Aims to develop and deploy new and renewable energy sources.

Indian NGOs

Several non-governmental organizations work in environmental conservation.
Examples include Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Tarun Bharat Sangh, Uttarakhand Seva Nidhi Almora, which have specific objectives, areas of focus, missions, activities, etc.

International Organizations

UNESCO: Strives to build global networks for education, heritage protection, and intercultural understanding.
UNEP: Provides global environmental authority and agenda for sustainable development through programs for environmental concerns.
IPCC: Is an international body for climate change assessment using scientific, technical, and socio-economic information to understand and address climate change.
IUCN: Works globally to protect nature, manage uses, and deploy nature-based solutions for challenges like climate change.

Water Resources

Water is essential for all lifeforms and is a key part of earth's ecosystem.
Water distribution, the hydrologic cycle, and water quality are vital factors for the environment.
Water resources include surface water and groundwater.

Water Calamities

Floods occur when there is more water in a given location than can be handled by the drainage system.
Drought occurs when a location does not receive enough water for needs over a period of time.
Effects of both floods and droughts include damage to property and people; depletion of water tables, and reduction of tree cover, industrial and agricultural losses.

Deforestation

Complete long-term removal of tree cover.
This leads to a loss of biodiversity, environmental, and economic consequences.
Causes include: agriculture, commercial logging, mining, increase in population, industrialization, forest fires, overgrazing, pest attacks.
Consequences include: food problems, soil erosion, flooding, loss of biodiversity, community displacement, climate change.

Forest Resources

A forest is a biotic community dominated by trees, shrubs, or woody vegetation with a closed canopy.
India's forests are diverse and relate to the country's terrain, climate, and vegetation.
The total forest cover and density classes in India provide a snapshot of the country's forest landscape.

Sustainable Practices/Management

Sustainable forest management recognizes the vital role of forests in conservation, demanding coordinated cooperation between forest and other relevant departments.
Active participation of local communities and careful planning are crucial for successful forest conservation and management.

Role of Teachers and Students

Teachers and students are responsible for the environment and can help foster sustainability.
Teachers can educate students toward environmentally-friendly attitudes and practices.
Students can contribute via eco-consciousness in their professional careers.

Code of Environmental Ethics for Engineers

Engineers are expected to prioritize environmental concerns during activities.
Maintaining environmental sustainability includes limiting material and energy consumption, thoroughly analyzing impacts (immediate and long-term), and promoting health, social equity, and local values.

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