K-LASER Class IV Certification Flashcards

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Any device which can be made to produce or amplify electromagnetic radiation in wavelengths ranging from 180 nm to 1mm by the process of controlled stimulated emission

Photons

<p>Chromophores</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 40 years in Russia, Europe, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2003; over 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>March 2005</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Einstein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maiman</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The father of low level laser therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was made to attempt to cure cancer in rats but it was unsuccessful due to low doses. It did heal superficial conditions faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A term adopted in 2005 by the North American Association of Laser Therapy (NAALT) as the therapeutic utilization of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photothermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seals blood vessels for less bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage, infection, perforation of organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photochemical and Photobiostimulative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damaged and compromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monochromatic, coherent, collimated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One specific wavelength (measured in nanometers) therefore one color</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waves are synchronized in space and time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrow beam of light in a specific direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light Emitting Diodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coherent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laser vs. LED. Laser wins every time!</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entire range of light radiation from gamma rays to radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>400nm to 700 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visible and infrared (invisible)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 diodes, 3 separate wavelengths, 8 or 12 Watts max CW power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aiming beam - 660 nm; Treatment beam #1 - 800 nm; Treatment beam #2 - 970 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is 660 nm. It is only 3 milliwatts, therefore visible for guidance and to assess patency of the fiber optic cable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is 800 nm, so it is absorbed least by melanin (skin), hemoglobin, and water. It is best for deep tissue stimulation such as trigger points, ligaments, joint capsules, and intra-articular surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is 970 nm, so it is more absorbed by water, creating microscopic thermal gradients, responsible for warming effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invisible and Infrared</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 diodes, 8 or 12 watts max CW power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aiming beam - 660 nm; Treatment beam #1 - 660 nm; Treatment beam #2 - 800nm; Treatment beam #3 - 970nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same as K-series; it is only 3 milliwatts therefore visible for guidance and to assess patency of the fiber optic cable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is 660nm, 100 milliwatts; absorbed in top 2-4 millimeters of skin; best for superficial conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>800nm is absorbed least by melanin (skin), hemoglobin, and water, therefore penetrates deepest and is best for deep tissue stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>970nm is more absorbed by water, creating microscopic thermal gradients, responsible for warming effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5; 15 Watts max CW power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aiming beam - 660 nm; Treatment beam #1 - 660 nm; Treatment beam #2 - 800nm; Treatment beam #3 - 905 nm; Treatment beam #4 - 970 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>660nm, only 3 milliwatts therefore visible for guidance and to assess patency of the fiber optic cable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>660nm, 100 milliwatts; absorbed in top 2-4 millimeters of skin; best for superficial conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>800nm is absorbed least by melanin (skin), hemoglobin, and water, therefore penetrates deepest and is best for deep tissue stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>905nm is at peak of absorption by hemoglobin; causes release of oxygen, increased tissue oxygenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>970nm is more absorbed by water, creating microscopic thermal gradients, responsible for warming effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CUBE4 - max 18 watts CW for Veterinary models, 15W for human models</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy must penetrate deep enough to reach the target tissue; enough energy must be present at the desired tissue depth to stimulate a physiological effect and promote healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inappropriate wavelength or too low dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflection, absorption, scatter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-40</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facet joints; Neck pain and headaches - C2/C3 facets; Neck and shoulder pain - C5/C6 facets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zygapophyseal joint dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IVD (annulus fibrosis and PLL) - most common cause of low back pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy/Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power x time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 Joule/1 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase power and dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measured in nanometers (nm) from crest to crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>800nm wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GaAIAs - Gallium Aluminum Arsenide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of concentration of power output; PD = Power/area (cm squared)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature of the laser-tissue interaction i.e. photochemical vs. photothermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power x Time/Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous wave, pulsed mode, intense super pulsed (ISP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The laser light is on continuously. There is no change in intensity. Greatest energy in the least time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulsing is on/off and is referred to as the duty cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of pulses/second; Hertz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60% duty cycle; 'thermal relaxation time' between the pulses - delivers more light deep into the body without overheating the skin surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>330; 73% were eye exposures, 68% had permanent injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnitude of radiation of a specific wavelength; sets limit on the power levels that can be emitted and determines 'class' of the laser</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allowed exposure without adverse biological changes to the eye or skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area in which laser energy either from direct, reflected, or scatter source exceeds the MPE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>21 feet in any direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K-Laser specific eyewear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laser Safety Officer - the person responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and controlling potential hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Authorized personnel should only use the laser; 2. EVERYONE in NHZ should wear K-laser specific eyewear; 3. Must display 'LASER IN USE' signs; 4. Laser should be placed in STANDBY mode or OFF position when not delivering treatments; 5. NEVER put the laser on standby mode when unattended; 6. Laser can run in 'idle' for several hours; 7. Never press the finger switch without checking settings and position of hand piece.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Never point the laser directly at the eyes; 2. ALL present must wear K-Laser specific eyewear; 3. Don't use eyewear from other companies, or sunglasses; 4. Only remove eyewear after unit is placed in standby or off mode; 5. Corneal and retinal areas are most susceptible to injury.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Should have an ongoing safety program which is regularly reviewed; 2. Should classify all lasers in the facility; 3. Should give proper training to all personnel and continuing education; 4. Should install safety controls and regulate maintenance needs; 5. ALL PERSONNEL SHOULD READ SAFETY MANUAL.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Emergency power on/off switch; 2. Electronic access key; 3. Safety interlock; 4. Power on/off visual indicator; 5. Laser emission indicator; 6. Internal laser energy monitor; 7. ALL present should wear K-Laser specific eyewear.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Never operate with non-grounded circuit or wet area; 2. Never open the device; 3. Never operate around flammable gases; 4. Never use laser until disinfectants are allowed to evaporate.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Never point directly into the eyes; 2. Never laser directly over the thyroid gland; 3. Never use K-Laser on a patient with a spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implanted; 4. Never use K-Laser on a pregnant patient; 5. Never use K-Laser on a cancer patient.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Don't apply laser therapy over pacemaker or other electronic devices; 2. Recent cortisone injections; 3. Areas of recent hemorrhage; 4. Patient using immunosuppressant drugs.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Never point directly into the eyes; 2. Never laser directly over the thyroid gland.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Do not laser directly over the gravid uterus; 2. Do not laser directly over cancer tumors.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(Rare and temporary) 1. Temporary increase in pain during application; 2. Mild pain the day after treatment; 3. Mild bruising from direct pressure of tip; 4. Temporary dizziness; 5. Skin reaction especially when using photosensitizing meds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A body detoxification reaction; some patients may develop a temporary rash after treatment - no tissue damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing doses are applied to see reactions determine photosensitivity and regulate laser dosage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 one-square-inch openings in a piece of cardboard one inch apart over the abdomen; Laser area #1 for 60 secs, #2 for 120 secs, etc. The patch where redness occurs after 8 hours is the minimum erythemal dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers