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Questions and Answers
Which type of muscle is characterized by striated fibers and voluntary control?
Which type of muscle is characterized by striated fibers and voluntary control?
What describes smooth muscle fibers?
What describes smooth muscle fibers?
Where is cardiac muscle primarily located?
Where is cardiac muscle primarily located?
Which movement term describes the action of moving a limb away from the median plane?
Which movement term describes the action of moving a limb away from the median plane?
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What does circumduction involve?
What does circumduction involve?
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Study Notes
Muscular System
- The muscular system includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
Skeletal Muscle
- Attached to bones, enabling movement.
- Examples include muscles in the upper and lower limbs.
- Controlled voluntarily (somatic nervous system).
- Muscle fibers are striated and multinucleated.
Smooth Muscle
- Found in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, blood vessels, and respiratory tract.
- Controlled involuntarily (autonomic nervous system).
- Muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a single nucleus.
Cardiac Muscle
- Found in the heart's myocardium.
- Autonomically regulated; contracts spontaneously.
- Muscle fibers are striated and have a single nucleus.
- Fibers branch and fuse to form a syncytium.
Terms of Movement
- Flexion: Bending a joint (e.g., bending the elbow).
- Extension: Straightening a joint (e.g., straightening the elbow).
- Abduction: Movement away from the midline (e.g., raising an arm horizontally).
- Adduction: Movement toward the midline (e.g., bringing an arm down horizontally).
- Circumduction: Circular movement of a limb, involving flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction (e.g., shoulder movements).
- Medial Rotation: Rotating a limb towards the midline (e.g., rotating the arm inwards).
- Lateral Rotation: Rotating a limb away from the midline (e.g., rotating the arm outwards).
- Supination: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces upward.
- Pronation: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces downward.
- Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward.
- Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward.
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