Questions and Answers
What party emerged in 1828?
The Democratic party.
The election of 1824 was formally considered the end of the ______ ____ _________ _____________.
Era of Good Feelings.
What happened as a result of the election of 1824 where no candidate won the majority of electoral votes?
The House of Representatives had to choose the winner out of the top 3 candidates, eliminating Henry Clay.
Why was the election of 1824 considered to be a 'corrupt bargain' by the public?
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What was John Quincy Adams like?
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After the election of 1824, what two political parties formed?
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Who won the election of 1828?
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What happened when the Democrats (and Andrew Jackson) took control of the White House?
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What was the 'spoils system' implemented by Andrew Jackson?
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What were notable consequences of the Tariff of 1828?
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What was the 'South Carolina Exposition' published by John C. Calhoun in 1828?
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What tariff did Congress pass in an attempt to meet the South's demands?
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What did South Carolina propose and approve regarding the tax from the tariff of 1832?
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How did Jackson respond to South Carolina's nullification?
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What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
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What was the Black Hawk War of 1832?
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How did Andrew Jackson feel about the Bank of the United States?
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Congress approved the recharter of the Bank of the United States in 1832.
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What was Jackson's reaction to Congress approving the recharter of the Bank of the United States?
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How did Jackson attempt to destroy the national bank after winning the election of 1832?
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What did President Jackson's Specie Circular of 1836 require?
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What were the two new political parties that emerged?
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What do the Democrats believe?
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What do the Whigs believe?
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Who won the election of 1836?
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Study Notes
Emergence of Political Parties
- The Democratic Party emerged in 1828, marking a significant shift in American politics.
- The election of 1824 ended the Era of Good Feelings, a time characterized by one-party rule.
Election of 1824
- Four main Republican candidates: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Henry Clay.
- No candidate secured a majority of electoral votes, leading the House of Representatives to decide the winner from the top three candidates.
Corrupt Bargain
- Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but lost the presidency to John Quincy Adams due to a deal orchestrated by Henry Clay, leading to claims of a "corrupt bargain."
John Quincy Adams' Presidency
- Adams was a strong nationalist, advocating for infrastructure development and education.
Political Party Formation
- Following the election, two political factions formed: National Republicans (Adams and Clay supporters) and Democratic-Republicans (Jackson supporters).
Election of 1828
- Andrew Jackson won the election with strong support from the South, contrasting with Adams' support from the North.
Jackson's Control and Spoils System
- Jackson replaced many public officials with supporters from his base, introducing the "spoils system," which caused governmental inefficiency and corruption.
Tariff of 1828
- This tariff faced opposition from southerners who felt discriminated against during economic struggles, while northerners largely supported it, intensifying sectional tensions.
South Carolina Exposition
- John C. Calhoun's pamphlet denounced the Tariff of 1828 as unjust and unconstitutional, echoing southern discontent.
Tariff of 1832
- Congress passed the Tariff of 1832 to address southern grievances, but it still fell short of expectations, leading to increased anger in the South.
Nullification Crisis
- South Carolina declared the tariffs void and threatened secession if the federal government tried to enforce them.
Jackson's Response
- Jackson opposed nullification, enacting the Force Bill to permit military action for tariff collection.
Indian Removal Act (1830)
- This policy mandated the relocation of Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River, impacting the "Five Civilized Tribes."
Black Hawk War (1832)
- Conflict arose as Native Americans, led by Black Hawk, resisted forced relocation from their ancestral lands.
Andrew Jackson and the Bank of the United States
- Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States, viewing it as economically monopolistic and corrupt.
Recharter of the Bank
- Congress rechartered the Bank in 1832, but Jackson vetoed it, claiming abuses of presidential power despite prior Supreme Court rulings in favor of the Bank.
Destruction of the National Bank
- After the 1832 election, Jackson removed federal deposits from the Bank, redistributing funds to supportive state banks, known as "pet banks."
Specie Circular (1836)
- Jackson mandated that public lands could only be purchased with gold and silver, promoting a shift towards hard currency.
New Political Parties
- The Whigs and Democrats emerged as prominent political factions in the changing political landscape.
Beliefs of the Democrats
- Advocated for a small federal government, minimal economic intervention, and had concentrated support in the South and West, particularly among urban laborers.
Beliefs of the Whigs
- Supported a strong central government, Clay's American System, public education, and moral reforms; primarily located in New England.
Election of 1836
- Martin Van Buren, a Democrat, won the presidency, succeeding Jackson’s controversial administration.
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