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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key concept when comparing private and public clouds?

  • Reliability (correct)
  • Typical Use Cases
  • Cost
  • Scalability
  • Security
  • Private clouds are typically hosted on-premises or by a third party.

    True

    What are common types of physical hardware used in bare-metal servers?

  • Large RAM (correct)
  • Reliable NICs (correct)
  • High-performance CPUs (correct)
  • Hypervisor layer
  • RAID-enabled storage (correct)
  • Virtual servers run directly on physical hardware.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Windows Server 2019 editions include Datacenter, Standard, Essentials, and Hyper-V Server.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a paging file in a server?

    <p>The paging file serves as virtual memory, allowing the operating system to store data on a hard disk when RAM is full, preventing system crashes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of SFC (System File Checker) in Windows Server 2019?

    <p>SFC scans and attempts to repair corrupted system files, ensuring the integrity and stability of the operating system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of the Device Manager in Windows?

    <p>The Device Manager allows for the administration and troubleshooting of hardware devices, including viewing status, updating drivers, and disabling or enabling devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Get-Help cmdlet in PowerShell?

    <p>The <code>Get-Help</code> cmdlet retrieves comprehensive documentation on PowerShell cmdlets and commands, providing information like syntax, parameters, and examples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ping command in network connectivity testing?

    <p>The <code>ping</code> command sends ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) packets to a specified host or IP address to ascertain basic connectivity and check if there are any network issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tracert (Trace Route) is a useful command for pinpointing potential bottlenecks in a network path.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does WinRM (Windows Remote Management) facilitate?

    <p>WinRM allows remote management and access to Windows servers over a network, enabling the execution of commands and scripts on remote machines, improving network administration and troubleshooting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PowerShell scripts utilize the .ps1 extension.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Get-ExecutionPolicy cmdlet in PowerShell controls script execution policy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hyper-V Manager allow users to do?

    <p>Hyper-V Manager enables the creation, management, and configuration of virtual machines (VMs) using Hyper-V virtualization technology, allowing for the development, testing, and deployment of virtualized environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of virtual network connections are available with the Hyper-V Extensible Virtual Switch?

    <p>Extensible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between Generation 1 and Generation 2 virtual machines in Hyper-V?

    <p>Generation 1 supports IDE and legacy network adapters, while Generation 2 uses newer networking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use case of a Pass-Through Disk in a virtual machine?

    <p>Pass-Through Disks in VMs allow for direct access to physical disks on the host, providing direct disk performance without the overhead associated with virtual hard disks. This is beneficial for applications with high disk I/O requirements or when the VM needs to use specialized hardware directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Production Checkpoints in virtual machines, and how do they work?

    <p>Production Checkpoints, using Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS), allow for creating consistent snapshots of a VM, capturing its state alongside application data. This ensures secure backups and the ability to restore the VM to a known good state without data loss, even during critical operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) in network booting?

    <p>PXE enables the boot of a computer from a network without the need for physical media, like CD-ROMs or USB drives. This is essential for setting up new systems, deploying operating systems remotely, or recovering system failures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does WDS (Windows Deployment Services) play in deploying operating systems over a network?

    <p>WDS provides a central server-based solution for managing and deploying operating system images over a network. This includes features like PXE boot support, multicasting images, and managing boot images for efficient OS deployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Windows Deployment Services Tool (WDS)?

    <p>The WDS tool streamlines the deployment of operating systems over a network. This includes managing installation images, configuring boot options (like PXE), and automating OS installation procedures, simplifying the process across a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are key advantages of using Active Directory (AD) domain user accounts?

    <p>Centralized authentication across networked systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are local user accounts different from domain user accounts?

    <p>Local user accounts are stored and managed on individual computers, with restricted access to local resources and limited network capabilities. Domain user accounts, on the other hand, are centrally managed in Active Directory, offering broader network access, consistent policies, and centralized authentication on domain-joined machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joining a computer to an Active Directory domain enables the computer to access shared resources on the network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Installing the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) role using PowerShell requires running the command Install-WindowsFeature AD-Domain-Services.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between Domain Local, Global, and Universal groups in Active Directory?

    <p>Domain Local groups are restricted for managing permissions for resources within the same domain. Global groups provide a way to organize users from the same domain, while Universal groups can include users and groups from any domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Active Directory Sites and Services in managing replication?

    <p>Sites and Services in Active Directory help manage the replication of information between domain controllers, allowing for efficient updates, data consistency, and reliable access to resources across a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Global Catalog in Active Directory, and what are its primary benefits?

    <p>The Global Catalog is a searchable, distributed database that contains a partial replica of all objects in Active Directory. This allows for fast searches across domains and improves performance for tasks like finding users or groups, especially when users need to access resources across multiple domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are roles of FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operations) in Active Directory?

    <p>RID Master</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To install AD as an additional domain controller, the server needs to have the AD DS role installed, and sufficient permissions are required on the server.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you enable the Global Catalog on a domain controller?

    <p>To enable the Global Catalog on a domain controller, you need to go to Active Directory Sites and Services, locate the target server in its respective site, right-click the server, select NTDS Settings, and check the 'Enable Global Catalog' option.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main default folders found under a domain in Active Directory?

    <p>The main default folders in Active Directory include Users, Computers, Domain Controllers, and Built-in. Users store user accounts, Computers hold information about domain-joined machines, Domain Controllers contain accounts for domain controllers, and Built-in provides predefined groups for administrative tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of EFS (Encrypting File System) in Windows Server?

    <p>EFS provides file-level encryption to protect sensitive data stored on NTFS volumes, offering an added layer of security for confidential data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe how to compress files using PowerShell.

    <p>To compress files using PowerShell, utilize the <code>Compress-Archive</code> cmdlet. Specify the path to the files you want to compress and the destination path for the compressed archive. For example, to compress files in a directory &quot;C:\Temp&quot; and create an archive &quot;C:\MyArchive.zip&quot;, use <code>Compress-Archive -Path C:\Temp -DestinationPath C:\MyArchive.zip</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between NTFS, ReFS, exFAT, and FAT32 file systems?

    <p>NTFS is a mature file system with extensive features, while ReFS is newer and offers improved data integrity and scalability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you grant read-only permissions to a file using PowerShell?

    <p>To grant read-only permissions to a file in PowerShell, use the <code>icacls</code> cmdlet and specify the file path, followed by <code>/grant</code> to grant permissions, the username, a colon, and the permission (R for Read). For example, `icacls &quot;C:\MyFile.txt&quot; /grant &quot;User1:(R)&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps involved in auditing access to files and folders in Windows Server?

    <p>Auditing access to files and folders in Windows Server involves opening the Group Policy Management Editor, navigating to Advanced Audit Policy Configuration under Computer Configuration, enabling Object Access auditing, and then right-clicking the target file or folder, going to its Properties &gt; Security &gt; Advanced &gt; Auditing, where you can add users or groups and specify the types of actions to audit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Audit events are a crucial component of security monitoring, tracking actions like logins, file access, and system changes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you check effective access for a user on a resource?

    <p>To check effective access for a user on a resource, you can use the Properties panel, navigate to Security &gt; Advanced &gt; Effective Access, and then select the desired user to view their effective permissions on the resource. This considers all inherited and specific permissions, providing a clear view of the user's actual access rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol designed specifically for file and printer sharing in Windows environments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NFS (Network File System) is widely used in Unix/Linux systems for accessing files over a network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You can configure both SMB and NFS on a Windows server, enabling sharing for Windows and Unix/Linux clients.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Access-Based Enumeration (ABE) in file and folder sharing?

    <p>ABE restricts access to files and folders based on user permissions. Users can only see and access files and folders that their permissions allow, enhancing security and preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you enable ABE on a shared folder in PowerShell?

    <p>To enable ABE on a shared folder using PowerShell, you can use the <code>Set-SmbShare</code> cmdlet, specifying the name of the share and setting the <code>FolderEnumerationMode</code> parameter to <code>AccessBased</code>. For example, <code>Set-SmbShare -Name &quot;MyShare&quot; -FolderEnumerationMode AccessBased</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NFS shared folder permissions are typically set using Unix-style permissions similar to the chmod command.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DFS Namespaces?

    <p>DFS Namespaces provide a unified namespace for shared folders across multiple servers, simplifying access to files and folders by presenting a single point of access to users, even though the files may be stored on different servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Domain-based DFS requires an Active Directory environment, whereas Standalone DFS relies on a stand-alone server and doesn't need Active Directory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary steps for configuring DFS Namespaces?

    <p>The primary steps for configuring DFS Namespaces involve adding the DFS Namespaces role to your server and then configuring namespaces within the DFS Management console. This allows you to create and manage namespaces for shared folders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between soft and hard quotas in storage management?

    <p>Soft quotas are mainly used for monitoring, while hard quotas are used for limiting storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fsutil quota command in PowerShell can be used to manage storage quotas on a file server.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sharing printers over a network using SMB involves sharing the printer via the Devices and Printers interface, managing permissions, and optionally using PowerShell commands for finer control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Print Spooler?

    <p>The Print Spooler is responsible for managing print jobs, accepting them from applications, queuing them, and sending them to designated printers for printing, improving efficiency and ensuring smooth printing operations across the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You can use PowerShell to start or stop the Print Spooler service (Start-Service and Stop-Service) and view print jobs (Get-PrintJob).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common causes of blank pages when printing?

    <p>Blank pages can be caused by various issues such as empty toner cartridges, jammed paper in the printer, or incorrect paper tray settings. It is crucial to check these factors to troubleshoot blank page issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can PowerShell be used to troubleshoot garbled print output?

    <p>PowerShell's <code>Remove-PrintJob</code> command is used to clear problematic print jobs from the print queue. This can help in resolving issues with garbled or incorrect print output as it removes potentially corrupted jobs from the queue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key benefits of using RAID 0 in terms of performance and data redundancy?

    <p>RAID 0, or striping, significantly enhances performance by distributing data across multiple disks, however, it offers NO redundancy, meaning any failure in one disk will result in data loss on the entire RAID volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits and trade-offs of using RAID 1 for data redundancy?

    <p>RAID 1 provides excellent data redundancy by mirroring data across two disks, ensuring failover. Although it offers excellent resilience, it comes at the cost of reduced performance as it only uses half the disk storage space for data and the other half for mirroring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits and trade-offs of using RAID 5?

    <p>RAID 5 offers a balance between performance and data redundancy. It uses striping with parity to distribute data across multiple disks, offering failover in case of one disk failure. However, RAID 5 requires a minimum of three disks and has slower write performance compared to RAID 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chkdsk command in Windows Server?

    <p>The <code>chkdsk</code> command, or Check Disk, is a critical utility for inspecting and repairing disk errors on a Windows Server. It can detect and fix various issues like bad sectors, lost clusters, and file system corruption, improving disk health and data integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the gpupdate command?

    <p>The <code>gpupdate</code> command in Windows Server applies Group Policy settings to local computers. It fetches updated policies from domain controllers, ensuring that users and computers on the network adhere to the latest security and configuration settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ipconfig command?

    <p>The <code>ipconfig</code> command is used to display and manage IP configuration settings on a Windows Server. It allows administrators to view current IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, DNS server addresses, and other network settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of DNS caching in Windows Server?

    <p>DNS caching temporarily stores DNS lookup information to speed up future resolutions of hostnames to IP addresses. This improves performance by reducing the need for repeated DNS queries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you view and clear the DNS cache using PowerShell?

    <p>To view the DNS cache in PowerShell, use the command <code>ipconfig /displaydns</code>. To clear the DNS cache, use the command <code>ipconfig /flushdns</code>. These commands help manage the DNS cache, improving performance and troubleshooting network issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main differences between primary and secondary DNS servers?

    <p>A primary DNS server holds the original, authoritative copy of zone data and is responsible for updating and managing the zone. A secondary DNS server holds a read-only copy of the zone, which is synchronized regularly with the primary server, providing a backup and redundant copy of the zone for increased fault tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are root hints in DNS, and what is their purpose?

    <p>Root hints are a list of authoritative root servers used by DNS servers when they cannot resolve a query locally. These hints provide starting points for resolving DNS queries, enabling DNS servers to ultimately find the authoritative DNS servers for a specific domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Difference Between Private Cloud and Public Cloud

    • Private Cloud infrastructure is used exclusively by one organization. It offers high control, customization, and security, and can be hosted on-premises or by a third party.
    • Public Cloud infrastructure is shared by multiple organizations and managed by third-party providers like AWS, Azure, or GCP. It's scalable and cost-effective, but offers less control over data.

    Hardware Requirements for Bare-Metal and Virtual Server

    • Bare-Metal Server: Directly runs on physical hardware. Key requirements include a high-performance CPU, large RAM, RAID-enabled storage, and reliable network interface cards (NICs). There is no virtualization layer.
    • Virtual Server: Runs on a hypervisor. Key requirements include a powerful CPU with virtualization support, ample RAM for multiple virtual machines (VMs), high-speed storage (e.g., solid state drives or NVMe drives), and virtual network interface cards (vNICs).

    Pre and Post-Deployment Requirements for Windows Server 2019

    • Pre-Deployment: Verify hardware compatibility and plan IP addressing, domain configuration, and storage setup prior to deploying the server. Backups of existing data are also recommended.
    • Post-Deployment: Install updates, configure roles (e.g., Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS), Domain Name System (DNS)), enable monitoring, and back up the configuration and system state.

    Windows Server 2019 Editions

    • Datacenter edition supports unlimited virtualization and advanced features like Storage Spaces Direct.
    • Standard edition offers limited virtualization (2 virtual machines) and core features.
    • Essentials edition is designed for small businesses, does not require CALs, and supports up to 25 users.
    • Hyper-V Server is a free, bare-minimum Hyper-V role.

    Managing Server Core Editions

    • Server Core installation is minimal and does not include a graphical user interface (GUI).
    • Key management tools include sconfig (simple configuration tool), PowerShell (scripting and automation), Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT), and WinRM/WS-Management (remote management).

    Paging

    • Paging is a memory management scheme that retrieves data from secondary storage (paging file) when RAM is full to prevent system crashes.
    • It optimizes paging file size and ensures disk performance.

    Repairing System Files in Server 2019

    • SFC (System File Checker) is a tool for repairing corrupted system files.

    Device Manager in Windows

    • Used for managing and troubleshooting hardware devices. Users can view driver status, update or roll back drivers, disable/enable devices, and scan for hardware changes.

    Getting Help in PowerShell

    • Get-Help provides documentation on cmdlets.
    • Update-Help downloads the latest help files.
    • Examples are provided for specific cmdlets.

    Testing Network Connectivity

    • Key tools for testing network connectivity include ping, Test-NetConnection, and tracert.

    How to Use WinRM (Windows Remote Management)

    • A Microsoft protocol for remote management and access to servers. Key steps include enabling WinRM, configuring trusted hosts, and using PowerShell for remote commands.

    Managing Scripting in PowerShell

    • Scripts use a .ps1 file extension.
    • Notepad or PowerShell ISE can be used for script editing.
    • Execution policy controls script execution, and PowerShell cmdlets like Get-ExecutionPolicy and Set-ExecutionPolicy can be used to check and modify this policy.
    • Modules extend functionality.
    • Automation can be achieved using the Task Scheduler or PowerShell cmdlets like Register-ScheduledTask.

    Setting Up a Virtual Machine Using Hyper-V Manager

    • Step-by-step instructions for creating and configuring a new virtual machine using Hyper-V Manager. Crucial steps in settings configuration include choosing hardware specifications, specifying the names, virtual disk, operating system installation, and starting up the virtual machine.

    Hyper-V Extensible Virtual Switch Protocol

    • Hyper-V provides network connectivity to VMs through an extensible virtual switch protocol.
    • The protocol has several different types: External, Internal, Private, and Extensible.

    Difference Between Generation 1 and Generation 2 Virtual Machines

    • Generation 1 VMs support older operating systems.
    • Generation 2 VMs support more modern systems (e.g., Windows 8.1, Server 2012 R2).
    • Generation 2 VMs offer faster boot times, security features, and support for newer storage types.

    Use of Pass-Through Disk in a VM

    • Provides direct access to a physical disk on the host to improve performance for larger datasets or specialized hardware.
    • The physical disk should be offline on the host prior to setting up access in the VM settings for this operation.

    Production Checkpoints in Virtual Machines

    • Using VSS (Volume Shadow Copy Service) to create consistent snapshots for backing up VMs. This method aids in rollback capabilities, ensuring minimal data loss.

    PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) and WDS (Windows Deployment Services)

    • PXE enables network booting to install an OS without physical media.
    • WDS is a Windows Server role for deploying OS images. Key features include PXE boot support, multicast deployments (for faster updates and deployment), image management, and OS deployment. This functionality allows for quicker deployment and updates without needing to install media.

    Windows Deployment Services Tool (WDS)

    • Streamlines OS deployment via networks. The tool handles aspects of image management, installation, imaging, and deployment.

    How Domain Controllers Handle Local and Domain User Accounts

    • Domain user accounts are stored in Active Directory (AD).
    • AD provides centralized authentication for networked systems.
    • Local user accounts are stored on individual computers.

    Using Active Directory Sites and Services for Replication

    • Used to control replication between domain controllers/servers.
    • Steps to access and configure replication intervals are involved in site links and schedules setup.

    Global Catalog in Active Directory

    • A distributed data repository containing searchable, partial replicas of every object in the Active Directory (AD) database.
    • This feature speeds up object lookups and authentication across domains.

    FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operations)

    • Roles in AD that maintain the consistency and integrity of the directory database across the forest. These vital components include schema master, domain naming master, rid master, pdc emulator, and infrastructure master. These roles handle aspects like schema management, object naming, assigning unique identifiers, maintaining time synchronization, and cross-domain reference management.

    Requirements for Installing AD as an Additional Domain Controller

    • Pre-requisites prior to installation include ensuring the server has the AD DS (Active Directory Domain Services) to ensure the server can function correctly and facilitate compatibility for installation. The server should also have network connectivity to the existing domain controller and sufficient permissions to allow promoting the server to new roles and functions within the Active Directory forest. Steps for installation include using the Install-ADDSDomainController PowerShell cmdlet or the ADDS Wizard.

    Adding a Global Catalog to a Domain Controller

    • Steps to execute the Global Catalog addition include Opening Active Directory Sites and Services, expanding the site and servers within the interface, and right-clicking the target server to access the NTDS (Netlogon Domain) settings in the interface's menu. Enabling the Global Catalog under these settings completes the addition process.

    Default Folders Under a Domain in Active Directory

    • Key folders like Users, Computers, Domain Controllers, and Built-in (Predefined groups, e.g., Administrators and Users) are essential directories in the Active Directory configuration.

    EFS (Encrypting File System)

    • Provides file-level encryption to protect data on NTFS volumes.
    • Enables encryption using commands like Cipher /E /S to secure folder paths.

    Compressing Files Using CLI/PowerShell

    • Commands for compressing and uncompressing files using both command-line tools and PowerShell, including specific examples.

    NTFS, ReFS, exFAT, FAT32

    • Key differences in file systems include file compression, permissions, support for large file sizes, resilience to corruption, and security.

    Granting Read-Only Permissions on a File Within a Folder

    • Steps to grant read-only permissions to a file within a folder include right-clicking the file, selecting Properties, navigating to the Security tab, and executing the Edit command to add users or groups to specific permissions/privileges. (e.g. using PowerShell icacls FilePath /grant UserName:(R)).

    Auditing Access to Files and Folders

    • Steps to audit access and implement access auditing. This includes opening Group Policy Management Editor, configuring object access auditing, and adding users for these audits.

    Effective Access

    • The actual permissions a user has on a resource. Includes explicit permissions, group memberships, and inherited permissions.

    SMB/NFS Protocols

    • SMB (Server Message Block) is used for file and printer sharing in Windows.
    • NFS (Network File System) is commonly used in UNIX/Linux for network file sharing. Servers can be installed and configured for both if necessary. Both share files across networks for easier access.

    Access-Based Enumeration (ABE)

    • Users only see files and folders they have permission to access. Server managers and PowerShell can be used for setup.

    NFS Shared Folder Permissions

    • Key concepts relating to NFS shared folder permissions.

    DFS Namespaces (Distributed File System)

    • Provides a unified namespace for shared folders across servers.
    • Two types (Domain-based, Standalone DFS) and steps to configure the feature in Server Manager and DFS Management are covered.

    Soft and Hard Quotas

    • Soft quotas enforce storage limits but allow exceeding those limits.
    • Hard quotas enforce strict limits to prevent users exceeding storage allocations.
    • Quota management tools like File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) on Windows Server can be used for configuration.

    SMB Shared Printer Management

    • Steps involved in sharing a network printer via SMB protocol and handling user permissions for shared printers, and PowerShell commands involved in these scenarios.
    • PowerShell tools handle print jobs in a queue, and commands for starting and stopping the service, viewing jobs, and managing the print spooler.

    Major Print Device Issues

    • Diagnosis techniques for several common print device issues (e.g., blank pages).

    RAID Volume Types

    • RAID levels are discussed and explained, explaining their purpose, properties (e.g., redundancy), and uses (e.g., improved performance, storage efficiency). Specific RAID levels (RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10) and their applications in data storage are included.

    Key CLI Commands

    • PowerShell tools like sconfig, chkdsk, gpupdate, gpresult, and ipconfig allow for initial setup, disk error checks and repair, immediate policy updates, display/management of Group Policy settings, and displaying/managing of IP configuration.

    DNS Cache Management

    • Explanation of techniques used for managing DNS (Domain Name System) caches and how this component of the server helps to speed up requests.

    Authoritative DNS Server Types

    • Understanding the differences between primary and secondary DNS servers. Primary hosts have the original and read-write copy of the data, and secondary hosts provide a back-up and read-only copy of data to ensure redundancy.

    Root Hints

    • Explanation of how Root Hints influence DNS resolution in cases where DNS servers don't have a local answer to a request.

    DNS Resource Records

    • Definition and use cases of various DNS record types (A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, PTR, NS, SRV).

    DNS Zone Types

    • Explain the different types of DNS zones (Stub, Conditional Forwarder, Primary, Secondary).

    Using nslookup for DNS Troubleshooting

    • Detailed explanation on how to use the nslookup command to troubleshoot DNS issues by querying DNS records. Common commands are outlined for various use cases.

    DORA Process in DHCP

    • Explanation of the Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge (DORA) process in dynamic host configuration protocol. This component is vital for assigning network addresses to devices.

    Fault Tolerance for DHCP in DMZ

    • Fault tolerance strategies involve configuring two servers (Split Scope) for load balancing or redundancy, and regularly backing up the DHCP database.

    Network Topologies

    • Key network topologies, their use cases, and characteristics are included in the notes, including Demark Point, DMZ (Demilitarized Zone), and Edge Network.

    SaaS, PaaS, laaS, XaaS

    • Definitions and examples of the different cloud computing service types, categorized by their level of service (accessing software, a platform, or infrastructure).

    Docker Containers

    • Purpose, key features, and use of Docker containers for running applications in isolated environments using lightweight virtualization. Common commands (docker run, docker ps, docker build) are included to support configuration.

    Group Policy Application and Use

    • Purpose of applying and utilizing group policy features within an Active Directory domain.

    Default GPOs in an AD Domain

    • Default Domain policy and Domain Controllers Policy are defined. Their use cases and applications to organizational security and configuration are outlined.

    Applying a GPO to Allow Users to Install a Package

    • Steps involved for applying a Group Policy Object (GPO) in an Active Directory domain to manage user access to installing specific software.

    AD RMS and ACLS

    • Discusses the functioning of Active Directory Rights Management Services (RMS) in protecting digital objects and providing detailed definitions for Active Directory rights management systems (ACLs) to regulate granular permissions/access control to various objects (folders, files, etc.).

    Blacklisting vs. Whitelisting

    • Definitions and explanations for blacklisting and whitelisting, comparing/contrasting their applications and use cases. This is helpful in secure environments.

    Software Restriction Policies vs. Application Control Policies

    • Definitions and differences between Software Restriction Policies (SRP) and Application Control Policies (e.g., AppLocker), used for allowing/blocking application installations via Group Policy Object (GPO) configuration.

    Common Ports and Their Uses

    • Explains common network port numbers and functionalities. This section details common protocols used for these network ports.

    Actions to Solve Performance Problems

    • Actions for tackling and solving performance issues. This section provides helpful guidance in resolving computer and server performance issues.

    Server Maintenance Cycle

    • Key tasks and crucial steps involved in properly maintaining server hardware to prevent issues and ensure operational efficiency.

    Monitoring

    • Techniques for continuously monitoring server performance and logs to identify and resolve issues promptly.

    Security Checks

    • Steps involved for regularly performing vulnerability scans and updating antivirus software.

    Hardware Checks

    • Practical steps for regularly inspecting components and replacing any defective/worn-out parts.

    Documentation

    • Procedures for documenting server maintenance and change activities to ensure accurate records.

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