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Questions and Answers

What is the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in calcium-46?

  • 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 26 neutrons
  • 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 26 neutrons (correct)
  • 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 46 neutrons
  • 46 protons, 20 electrons, and 46 neutrons

How many electrons does the arsenic ion (which has a -3 charge) have?

  • 30
  • 36 (correct)
  • 33
  • 75

What is the average atomic mass for cadmium based on the isotopic analysis?

  • 112.53 amu (correct)
  • 112.41 amu
  • 110.65 amu
  • 110.75 amu

What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom?

<p>An atom contains a small, dense, positively charged central region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the current model of the atom, where are the electrons located?

<p>In an electron cloud around the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about carbon-12 and carbon-14?

<p>They are isotopes of the same atom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many neutrons are in $^{59}Ni^{2+}$?

<p>31 neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would you need to tell the number of protons and electrons present in an ion?

<p>Atomic number and charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number tell us?

<p>The number of protons in an atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average atomic mass of rubidium?

<p>85.4680 amu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an atom of $^{12}_6C$ (a neutral atom).

<p>6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge?

<p>Neutron</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proved the existence of a positively charged nucleus by his experiment with gold foil?

<p>Ernest Rutherford</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number and name of the potassium isotope with 19 protons and 22 neutrons?

<p>Mass number 41; potassium-41 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first proposed an atomic theory based on scientific knowledge?

<p>John Dalton</p> Signup and view all the answers

Was Dalton the first person to determine that matter is composed of smaller particles?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear symbol for phosphorus if it has 15 protons and 16 neutrons?

<p>P-31</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine why the following statement by a chemist probably is not true: 'I have three samples of three different elements. The first sample is calcium, with 20 protons and 20 neutrons in each atom; it is the lightest. The second is also calcium with 19 protons and 22 neutrons in each atom; it is slightly heavier. The third is zinc, with 30 protons and 35 neutrons in each atom; it is the heaviest of the three samples.'

<p>It is untrue because the two samples of calcium should have the same number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 101 in $^{256}_{101}Md$ represent?

<p>The atomic number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct nuclear symbol for an isotope that has 80 protons and 124 neutrons?

<p>Au-204</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the average atomic mass of magnesium based on the provided isotopes.

<p>24.984 amu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Isotopes

  • Calcium-46 has 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 26 neutrons.
  • Arsenic ion (with a -3 charge) has 36 electrons.
  • Average atomic mass for cadmium determined to be 112.53 amu based on isotopic analysis.
  • Rutherford concluded the atom contains a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

Electron Configuration

  • Electrons are located in an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus, not in fixed orbits.
  • Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are isotopes, sharing the same element but differing in neutron count.

Neutron and Proton Counts

  • Nickel-59 (Ni^2+) contains 31 neutrons.
  • To identify protons and electrons in an ion, knowledge of atomic number and charge is essential.
  • The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom.

Average Atomic Mass Calculation

  • Average atomic mass of rubidium is calculated to be 85.4680 amu using isotopic abundance.
  • Neutral carbon-12 has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Nuclear Particles

  • A neutron is a nuclear particle with a mass similar to protons but no charge.
  • Ernest Rutherford identified the positively charged nucleus through his gold foil experiment.

Atomic Theory Development

  • Dalton is credited with proposing a scientific atomic theory.
  • The concept of matter being composed of smaller particles dates back to Democritus.

Isotope Identification and Mass Numbers

  • Potassium-41 has a mass number of 41 with 19 protons and 22 neutrons.
  • Notation for phosphorus with 15 protons and 16 neutrons can be designated using a specific nuclear symbol.

Misconceptions in Chemistry

  • The claim that different calcium samples have varying numbers of protons is inaccurate; all samples of calcium must have the same number of protons.
  • The number "101" in the notation 256/101 Md represents the atomic number, not the mass number.

Average Atomic Mass from Isotope Data

  • The average atomic mass of magnesium calculated using its isotopes gives a result of 24.305 amu based on their abundances and masses.

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