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Questions and Answers
What is the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in calcium-46?
What is the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in calcium-46?
How many electrons does the arsenic ion (which has a -3 charge) have?
How many electrons does the arsenic ion (which has a -3 charge) have?
What is the average atomic mass for cadmium based on the isotopic analysis?
What is the average atomic mass for cadmium based on the isotopic analysis?
What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom?
What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom?
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According to the current model of the atom, where are the electrons located?
According to the current model of the atom, where are the electrons located?
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Which of the following is true about carbon-12 and carbon-14?
Which of the following is true about carbon-12 and carbon-14?
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How many neutrons are in $^{59}Ni^{2+}$?
How many neutrons are in $^{59}Ni^{2+}$?
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Which of the following would you need to tell the number of protons and electrons present in an ion?
Which of the following would you need to tell the number of protons and electrons present in an ion?
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What does the atomic number tell us?
What does the atomic number tell us?
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What is the average atomic mass of rubidium?
What is the average atomic mass of rubidium?
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Give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an atom of $^{12}_6C$ (a neutral atom).
Give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an atom of $^{12}_6C$ (a neutral atom).
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What is the name for a nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge?
What is the name for a nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge?
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Who proved the existence of a positively charged nucleus by his experiment with gold foil?
Who proved the existence of a positively charged nucleus by his experiment with gold foil?
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What is the mass number and name of the potassium isotope with 19 protons and 22 neutrons?
What is the mass number and name of the potassium isotope with 19 protons and 22 neutrons?
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Who first proposed an atomic theory based on scientific knowledge?
Who first proposed an atomic theory based on scientific knowledge?
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Was Dalton the first person to determine that matter is composed of smaller particles?
Was Dalton the first person to determine that matter is composed of smaller particles?
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What is the nuclear symbol for phosphorus if it has 15 protons and 16 neutrons?
What is the nuclear symbol for phosphorus if it has 15 protons and 16 neutrons?
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Determine why the following statement by a chemist probably is not true: 'I have three samples of three different elements. The first sample is calcium, with 20 protons and 20 neutrons in each atom; it is the lightest. The second is also calcium with 19 protons and 22 neutrons in each atom; it is slightly heavier. The third is zinc, with 30 protons and 35 neutrons in each atom; it is the heaviest of the three samples.'
Determine why the following statement by a chemist probably is not true: 'I have three samples of three different elements. The first sample is calcium, with 20 protons and 20 neutrons in each atom; it is the lightest. The second is also calcium with 19 protons and 22 neutrons in each atom; it is slightly heavier. The third is zinc, with 30 protons and 35 neutrons in each atom; it is the heaviest of the three samples.'
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What does the 101 in $^{256}_{101}Md$ represent?
What does the 101 in $^{256}_{101}Md$ represent?
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What is the correct nuclear symbol for an isotope that has 80 protons and 124 neutrons?
What is the correct nuclear symbol for an isotope that has 80 protons and 124 neutrons?
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Calculate the average atomic mass of magnesium based on the provided isotopes.
Calculate the average atomic mass of magnesium based on the provided isotopes.
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Calcium-46 has 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 26 neutrons.
- Arsenic ion (with a -3 charge) has 36 electrons.
- Average atomic mass for cadmium determined to be 112.53 amu based on isotopic analysis.
- Rutherford concluded the atom contains a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
Electron Configuration
- Electrons are located in an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus, not in fixed orbits.
- Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are isotopes, sharing the same element but differing in neutron count.
Neutron and Proton Counts
- Nickel-59 (Ni^2+) contains 31 neutrons.
- To identify protons and electrons in an ion, knowledge of atomic number and charge is essential.
- The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom.
Average Atomic Mass Calculation
- Average atomic mass of rubidium is calculated to be 85.4680 amu using isotopic abundance.
- Neutral carbon-12 has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.
Nuclear Particles
- A neutron is a nuclear particle with a mass similar to protons but no charge.
- Ernest Rutherford identified the positively charged nucleus through his gold foil experiment.
Atomic Theory Development
- Dalton is credited with proposing a scientific atomic theory.
- The concept of matter being composed of smaller particles dates back to Democritus.
Isotope Identification and Mass Numbers
- Potassium-41 has a mass number of 41 with 19 protons and 22 neutrons.
- Notation for phosphorus with 15 protons and 16 neutrons can be designated using a specific nuclear symbol.
Misconceptions in Chemistry
- The claim that different calcium samples have varying numbers of protons is inaccurate; all samples of calcium must have the same number of protons.
- The number "101" in the notation 256/101 Md represents the atomic number, not the mass number.
Average Atomic Mass from Isotope Data
- The average atomic mass of magnesium calculated using its isotopes gives a result of 24.305 amu based on their abundances and masses.
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