Jurisdiction in Louisiana Law
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Questions and Answers

What is one reason cases may not be consolidated?

  • It involves multiple courts.
  • It lacks sufficient evidence.
  • It conflicts with prior cases.
  • It would lead to jury confusion. (correct)
  • Under what condition can a party successfully prevent a continuance due to an absent witness?

  • By requesting an oath disclosure of the expected testimony. (correct)
  • By providing proof of the witness's prior testifying credibility.
  • By agreeing to reschedule the trial.
  • By demonstrating the witness's absence was intentional.
  • Which scenario allows for involuntary dismissal of a case?

  • The plaintiff has shown a right to relief.
  • A jury is not present during trial.
  • The plaintiff is absent without notice. (correct)
  • The defendant files for dismissal.
  • What happens if a case is involuntarily dismissed against a defendant who was not served?

    <p>There is no interruption of prescription. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a ground for involuntary dismissal?

    <p>Plaintiff's case lacks substantial evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a petition for emancipation to be considered valid?

    <p>The petitioner must provide a reason for the emancipation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens within 15 days of the signing of a judgment relating to emancipation?

    <p>The judgment must be recorded in conveyance records. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of interdicting an individual, what must the court determine?

    <p>The individual's ability to make consistent decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a court discharge an appointed attorney for a defendant in an interdiction case?

    <p>If the defendant retains their own attorney. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an examiner play in the interdict process?

    <p>To examine the defendant and present findings to the court. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be filed within 7 days from the notice of the signing of the judgment?

    <p>A new trial motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance may a new trial be granted?

    <p>If the verdict is clearly contrary to the law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following grounds can lead to annulment for vices of substance?

    <p>Fraud or ill practice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When must a suit to annul for vices of substance be brought?

    <p>Within 1 year of discovery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstances can appellate courts review findings made by a judge or jury?

    <p>When there is manifest error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a writ of certiorari used for?

    <p>To review a judgment of a court of appeal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame within which a supervisory writ must be filed?

    <p>Within a reasonable time not exceeding 30 days from the date of the ruling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is entitled to a reasonable periodic allowance for maintenance from the succession if the succession is sufficiently solvent?

    <p>Heirs, surviving spouse, or legatees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a proper venue for an action for nullity?

    <p>The court lacking subject matter jurisdiction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included in the formal written proof of claim delivered to the succession representative?

    <p>The name and address of the creditor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration a creditor can suspend prescription against their claims?

    <p>10 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions does the small succession provision apply?

    <p>Estate valued at $125,000 or less with no immovable property other than (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required separation period for a divorce when the couple has no children and no allegations of wrongdoing?

    <p>180 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen if a rule to show cause is not filed within 2 years of serving the petition for divorce?

    <p>The petition is deemed abandoned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tutor is appointed by a court from among the relatives of a minor?

    <p>Legal tutor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What grounds can lead to the removal of a tutor?

    <p>Mismanagement of minor's property (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a domestic corporation, what is the proper venue for a lawsuit?

    <p>Parish of its registered office (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which parish can a lawsuit against a foreign corporation not licensed to do business in Louisiana be filed?

    <p>Parish of the plaintiff's domicile (B), Parish where the service was made (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For tort suits, where is the proper venue for filing the lawsuit?

    <p>Where the damages were sustained or conduct occurred (A), Parish of the defendant's domicile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the LA Long Arm Statute state regarding venue?

    <p>Venue is where the plaintiff is domiciled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a derivative suit, where should the venue be established?

    <p>Parish of the corporation's or association's domicile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a class action suit, how is the proper venue determined?

    <p>Parish of proper venue as to the defendant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of forum non conveniens in venue selection?

    <p>It can transfer a suit for convenience if venue is proper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of venue regarding the plaintiff's domicile?

    <p>No suit brought in the plaintiff's domicile may be transferred on forum non conveniens grounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conditions allow for a request for a jury trial?

    <p>When an issue triable by jury is present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required concurrence for a verdict in a jury of 12?

    <p>9 must concur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a challenge for cause be made against a juror?

    <p>If the juror fails to meet legal qualifications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the filing period for a Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict?

    <p>7 days after notice of judgment signing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which circumstance can a partial final judgment be rendered?

    <p>When the motion for summary judgment is granted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must juries do within 10 days of a verdict regarding judgment preparation?

    <p>Prepare and submit judgment for signature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a motion for a new trial to be granted?

    <p>Valid peremptory grounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situations does the court have to issue written findings of fact?

    <p>Only if requested by a party within 10 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard for granting a directed verdict?

    <p>Evidence favoring the moving party is overwhelming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a remittur or additur?

    <p>To amend a final judgment without a new trial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Consolidation of Cases

    Court procedure where multiple cases with similar issues are combined into one case for efficiency and to avoid conflicting rulings. It should not be ordered if it causes confusion, disadvantage, or prevents a fair trial.

    Continuances

    A delay in a court proceeding due to circumstances like a missing witness. The party requesting the continuance must prove the witness is absent without their doing.

    Involuntary Dismissal

    A court's decision to dismiss a case without the plaintiff's consent. It can happen if the plaintiff fails to appear at trial, fails to prove their case, or if the defendant is not served with a citation within 90 days.

    Voluntary Dismissal

    A court procedure where a party can request to dismiss their own case before a judgment is rendered. The dismissal can be reinstated within 60 days if there is a pending settlement.

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    Material Witness

    A witness who is crucial in a case. Their absence can be a reason for a continuance of the case.

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    Motion for a New Trial

    A motion filed within 7 days of the judgment being signed, excluding holidays, to request a new trial. Grounds include a verdict contrary to law, newly discovered evidence, or juror misconduct.

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    Writ of Certiorari

    An appeal that asks a higher court (Court of Appeal) to review the decision of a lower court (trial court).

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    Supervisory Writ

    A formal request for a higher court (Court of Appeal) to review the actions or lack of actions of a trial court.

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    Annulment for Vices of Substance

    A process where a final judgment can be canceled or reversed if it was obtained unfairly through fraud or manipulation.

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    Annulment for Vices of Form

    A process where a final judgment can be canceled or reversed due to legal flaws in how it was reached.

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    Venue for Domestic Corporations

    The parish of the corporation's registered office is the proper venue for a lawsuit against a domestic corporation.

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    Venue for Foreign Corporations

    The parish where a foreign corporation's principal place of business is located is the proper venue for a lawsuit against it. If the corporation is not licensed to do business in Louisiana, the venue can be the parish of the plaintiff's domicile or where service is made.

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    Standard for New Trial Motion

    The standard used to determine the credibility of witnesses and the validity of evidence in a new trial motion, allowing the judge to make independent judgments.

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    Venue for Joint/Solidary Obligors

    Venue for a lawsuit against a joint or solidary obligor can be proper in any parish where one of the defendants resides.

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    Scope of Review in Appeals

    Appellate courts can review both facts and legal arguments presented in a case.

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    Review of Fact Findings

    Fact findings made by a judge or jury are unlikely to be changed unless there is significant error.

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    Venue for Torts

    Suits involving torts (wrongful acts) can be filed in the parish where the damages were sustained, where the wrongful conduct occurred, or where the defendant resides.

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    Venue for Certain Contract Suits

    Venue for suits on open accounts, promissory notes, and insurance policies can be based on where the account was created, the service was performed, the debtor's domicile, where the note was executed, the deceased's domicile, the beneficiary's domicile, or the insured's domicile.

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    Venue for Business Office Supervision

    If a lawsuit is against a person with a business office and the matter falls under that office's supervision, the venue can be the parish where the office is located.

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    Venue Based on Long Arm Statute

    If the lawsuit is based on Louisiana's Long Arm Statute, the venue can be the parish where the plaintiff resides.

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    Forum Non Conveniens

    Forum non conveniens allows a court to transfer a suit to another parish with proper venue if it's more convenient for the parties, witnesses, and serves the interests of justice. However, a suit originally filed in the plaintiff's domicile cannot be transferred on this ground.

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    Interdiction

    A legal process where a judge decides if a person is incapable of making their own decisions due to inability. Court may appoint someone to manage their affairs.

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    Venue for Interdiction

    The court's location for interdiction cases is where the person lives.

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    Appointed Attorney in Interdiction

    The court may appoint an attorney to represent the person being interdicted. This is done if the person doesn't have one.

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    Examiner in Interdiction

    The court can appoint an examiner to evaluate the person being interdicted to assess their mental capacity.

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    Emancipation

    A legal process for a minor to become legally independent from parents or guardians. Court determines if it's in the minor's best interest.

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    Interim Allowance

    A court-ordered allowance for maintenance given to an heir, surviving spouse, or legatee, provided that the court finds it necessary and the advances are within the amount ultimately due them.

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    Creditor's Proof of Claim

    A written proof of claim that a creditor delivers to the succession representative to suspend prescription. This must be done within 10 years and must include certain information like creditor's name, address, amount claimed, and factual basis.

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    Small Succession

    A succession proceeding for estates valued at $125,000 or less, with no immovable property other than a homestead, and only a surviving spouse as heir.

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    Venue in Divorce Cases

    The parish where either party resides or the parish of the last matrimonial domicile.

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    Living Separate and Apart for Divorce

    A period required for living separate and apart before filing for divorce based on specific grounds. It's 180 days if the marriage is childless and no felony or abuse occurred. It's 365 days if the couple has minor children.

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    Tutorship Types

    Types of Tutorship

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    102 Divorce

    A procedure for divorce where the minimum time period for separation hasn't been met. It involves several steps and can be deemed abandoned if the rule to show cause is not filed within two years.

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    Removal of Tutor

    Grounds for Removal of a Tutor

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    Right to a Jury Trial

    A right to a jury trial applies in all cases, with a few exceptions. These exceptions include cases where the amount in controversy for an individual doesn't exceed $10,000, suits on promissory notes unless forgery, fraud, error, or failure of consideration is claimed, and family law matters like custody, visitation, alimony, and child support.

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    Requesting a Jury

    A request to have your case decided by a jury must be made within ten days of filing your pleadings, which are the documents that argue your case. This allows for proper preparation and scheduling.

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    Peremptory Challenge

    A peremptory challenge lets you remove a potential juror without giving a reason, but you only get a limited number. The number of peremptory challenges depends on the size of the jury and whether there are multiple parties involved in the case.

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    Challenge for Cause

    You can challenge a potential juror 'for cause' if they aren't qualified, are not impartial (have formed an opinion), have a relationship that could influence them, have been on a case with similar facts, or refuse to answer questions on voir dire. This challenge can be used until the evidence is presented in the case.

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    Jury Size and Decision

    In a 12-person jury trial, a unanimous decision is preferred. However, only 9 out of 12 jurors need to agree on a verdict for a decision. In a 6-person jury trial, 5 out of 6 jurors must agree.

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    Directed Verdict

    A directed verdict is a request by a party to have the case decided in their favor before the jury begins deliberations. The standard for granting a directed verdict is if the evidence so overwhelmingly favors the moving party, that no reasonable person could conclude otherwise.

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    Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict (JNOV)

    A JNOV is a request for the judge to overturn a jury's verdict. It's a last-ditch effort for the losing party, similar to a directed verdict, but it occurs after the jury verdict is reached. The standard is the same as for a directed verdict: whether the evidence overwhelmingly favors one party.

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    Remittur and Additur

    Remittur and additur are remedies used when the amount of damages awarded by a jury is deemed excessive or inadequate. The judge can either reduce (remittitur) or increase (additur) the damages, allowing for a fair result without requiring a new trial.

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    Final Judgment

    A final judgment is the court's final decision in a case. It can be amended to correct calculation errors or change the wording. However, it cannot be modified to overturn the substance of the judgment.

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    Partial Judgment

    A partial judgment is a decision on a part of a legal claim. It doesn't resolve the entire case but deals with specific issues or theories, and it normally does not become final until the court makes a determination that there is no just reason to delay.

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    Study Notes

    Jurisdiction

    • Subject Matter Jurisdiction: Legal power to hear a case, based on the type of action, the value of the claim, and the object of the demand.
    • Parish and City court jurisdictional limitations: Cannot hear cases involving title to immovable property; rights to public office; civil rights; political rights; annulment of marriage, divorce, etc.; succession; and interdiction.
    • City courts: Limited jurisdiction (generally $15k or $20k cap in parish courts).
    • Parish courts: Jurisdictional cap generally $20k
    • Personal Jurisdiction: A court's authority over a non-resident defendant, in a particular case. The case's maintenance must not violate traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice
    • Long Arm Statute: Louisiana courts can exercise specific personal jurisdiction over non-residents in certain transactions or actions arising from: transacting business; contracting; causing injury; manufacturing products causing damages; and causing injury outside LA if the defendant conducts business in LA

    Venue

    • Individual domiciled in Louisiana: Parish of domicile
    • Non-domiciliary resident: Parish of residence
    • Domestic corporation: Parish of registered office
    • Foreign corporation (licensed to do business in LA): Parish of principal place of business or registered office (otherwise, parish of plaintiff's domicile)
    • Foreign corporation (not licensed to do business in Louisiana): Parish of plaintiff's domicile or where service is made
    • Partnership/Unincorporated association: Parish of principal place of business

    Venue-Suits

    • Joint/Solidary obligors: Venue in parish of any defendant's domicile, or where the plaintiff is domiciled if one defendant is an insurer.
    • Tort suits: Venue in parish where the damage occurred, or where the defendant is domiciled
    • Actions on open accounts or promissory notes: Parish where the account was created, service performed, or where the debtor was domiciled
    • Contract suits: Parish where the contract was executed, or where work or services were performed, including cases where the contract involved business operations in a particular parish, where the defendant has an office supervising business location.

    Procedural Matters

    • Jurisdictional waiver: Implicit or explicit waiver of venue is not allowed in certain cases (usually those where proper venue is needed for all legal actions needed in the case to take place)

    • Cumulations of actions: Multiple actions against the same defendant can be joined if they are (1) within the court's jurisdiction and are presented in the same manner, and (2) are mutually consistent

    • Lis Pendens: Exception to a claim where another case involves the same parties and issues that are active in the court filing jurisdiction.

    Procedural Matters-General

    • Forum Non Conveniens: a court may transfer a case to another court considered more suitable for the convenience of the involved parties and for justice to be served.
    • Res Judicata, or Pre-emptory exceptions: exceptions that can be raised in a legal dispute when a particular issue has already been decided in a prior lawsuit involving similar parties, or is a matter of prior judgment. This principle aims to avoid litigation over matters already decided to avoid redundancy in resolution.
    • Abandonment, for lack of prosecution: a filing or a set of pleadings that has gone without legal activity in an intervening period of time.

    Class Actions

    • Conditions for a class action: Numerosity, commonality, typicality, adequacy of representation, and objectively defined class
    • Derivative actions: A suit brought by some shareholders on behalf of the company for issues that affect the whole company.

    Joinder

    • Required joinder: When a person required to be joined as a party is not able to be joined as a participant for some reason, the court must decide whether to proceed with the active parties involved, or dismiss the case entirely.

    Procedural Matters - general

    • Motions: Judgments in summary proceedings, motions for a judgment on the pleadings
    • Amendment of pleadings: allows for revisions of the pleadings to reflect any new developments

    Procedural Matters-Discovery

    • Expert Reports: Experts reports must be filed a certain amount of time prior to trial, experts must be qualified.
    • Interrogatories: written questions submitted to opposing parties for answers, 35 questions maximum at a time
    • Requests for admissions: written requests to accept or deny certain statements or allegations, 30 days from the date of notice
    • Deposition: legal record of sworn testimony given in response to questions posed by both sides in a trial, for example, witness statements or expert testimonies
    • Discovery scope: must not be privileged or irrelevant to the issue before court.

    Other Topics

    • Prescriptions (statute of limitations): The amount of time a lawsuit can be filed to the court, without being barred as time-barred.
    • Incidental demands: a new claim that is made by a party in a pending suit
    • Motions; Jury issues; Trial processes; New trial requests, including reasons
    • Appellate considerations (including certiorari): Higher courts' review of lower court decisions,
    • Execution of judgments: Court-ordered enforcement or collection of judgments for things owed
    • Garnishment: seizing a debtor's property (often wages) to satisfy debt
    • Injunctive relief: Court ordered remedy where one party is required to do something or prevent doing something
    • Eviction: legal procedure for removing a tenant from a property.

    Other Topics

    • Jurisdiction review
    • Venue consideration
    • Appellate process and procedural review
    • Other procedural rules

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    Explore the various aspects of jurisdiction within Louisiana law, including subject matter jurisdiction, personal jurisdiction, and the specific limitations of parish and city courts. This quiz will test your understanding of the legal principles that govern the authority of courts to hear cases.

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