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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Which jurisdiction of the Supreme Court allows it to hear appeals against orders of High Courts?
Which of the following is the apex institution in the judicial hierarchy of India?
What is the maximum number of judges, including the Chief Justice of India, that can currently serve in the Supreme Court?
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Under which jurisdiction can the Supreme Court advise the President on important public issues?
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What powers are bestowed upon the Supreme Court by the Constitution of India?
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Which article of the Indian Constitution declares the Supreme Court as a court of record with the power to punish for contempt?
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Which part of the Constitution of India deals with the establishment of the Supreme Court?
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Under which jurisdiction can the Supreme Court review its own orders or judgments?
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Which of the following is the correct hierarchical order of courts in India?
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How are the Chief Justice and other Judges of the Supreme Court appointed?
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What type of judicial system is established under the Constitution of India?
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Study Notes
Judiciary in India
- Established under the Constitution of India, 1950 as an institution of last resort for the common public and all legal entities under law, including State Governments and the Government of India.
- The Supreme Court of India is the apex institution, followed by the High Courts in respective States, and then the Sub-Ordinate Courts.
Hierarchy of Courts in India
- The Constitution of India, 1950 has provided a single integrated judicial system with a pyramidal structure.
- The system consists of different types of courts with varying powers depending on their tier and jurisdiction.
- The framework of the current legal system has been laid down by the Constitution of India, 1950 in Part V (Chapter IV-Supreme Court of India) and Part VI (Chapter V-High Courts) and (Chapter VI-Subordinate Courts).
Supreme Court
- Apex court under the Indian Judicial system governed under Chapter IV of Part V-Art 124-147 of the Constitution.
- Comprises the Chief Justice and other Judges appointed by the President.
- The Constitution bestows the following powers to the Supreme Court:
- Original Jurisdiction (Art 131) to decide disputes between the Government of India and one or more states, between two or more states, between Government of India and State (s) on one side and State(s) on the other side.
- Writ Jurisdiction (Art 32) to provide constitutional remedies in the form of writs against violation of fundamental rights.
- Appellate Jurisdiction to hear all appeals against any order of the High Court.
- Advisory Jurisdiction to advise the President on any question of public importance.
- Punishment for Contempt (Art 129) to punish for contempt of itself, with the power to declare itself a Court of record.
- Review Jurisdiction (Art 137) to review its own orders or judgments.
Supreme Court of India - Establishment and Strength
- Established on 26th January 1950, under Article 124 (1) of the Constitution of India, 1950 with a strength of 8 (1+7) judges.
- Currently, it has a strength of 34 judges (33 judges of the Supreme Court of India and 1 Chief Justice of India).
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Description
Explore the hierarchy of courts in India and the establishment of the judiciary under the Constitution of India, 1950. Learn about the roles of the Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.
