Judicial Branch Questionnaire
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Questions and Answers

What Article of the Constitution discusses the Judicial Branch?

Article III

How long do Federal Judges and Supreme Court Justices serve?

They serve for life or until they retire, die, or are convicted by the Senate.

How can federal judges or Supreme Court Justices be removed?

Through impeachment by the House of Representatives and conviction in the Senate.

What is the Supreme Court?

<p>The highest court in law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Supreme Court considered "the Court of Last Resort?"

<p>There can be no appeal from its decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What qualifications does the Constitution state are needed for a Supreme Court Justice?

<p>The Constitution does not specify qualifications for Justices such as age, education, profession, or native-born citizenship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the numbers of the Supreme Court established?

<p>They are established by Congress, which determines how many justices can sit on a court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court responsible for?

<p>They supervise the process of selecting the case the court will hear, the public sessions or hearings, and the subsequent votes of the nine Justices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the "rule of four" as it applies to the Supreme Court.

<p>Where the justices have discretion as to whether to hear an appeal, at least four of the Court members must vote to grant a writ of certiorari, which facilitates a full review on the merits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the plaintiff in a court case?

<p>The person who begins a lawsuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Prosecutor in a criminal case?

<p>They represent the people of their jurisdiction and have a duty to seek justice in every case, carefully evaluating the evidence presented and protecting the rights of the accused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the defendant in a court case?

<p>The person or party they are filing against</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a petit jury?

<p>A trial jury that listens to evidence presented in both civil and criminal cases and ultimately delivers a verdict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in a criminal case?

<p>The police or sheriff's department arrest the defendant or issue a citation to appear in court</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step in a criminal case?

<p>The defendant's first court appearance, where the judge reads the charges against them and the defendant enters a plea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows the trial stage?

<p>An opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step after the verdict?

<p>The defendant is sentenced</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a criminal case?

<p>A legal proceeding in which a government prosecutor charges a person or organization with breaking the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the burden of proof in a criminal case?

<p>Must find them guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a precedent?

<p>A court decision that serves as a basis for deciding similar cases in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precedent was established in Marbury vs. Madison?

<p>The power of the judicial review</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precedent was established in Plessy vs. Ferguson?

<p>Established the constitutionality of racial segregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precedent was established in Brown vs. Board of Education?

<p>Separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Judicial Branch Questionnaire

  • Article III: The Constitution's article discussing the judicial branch.
  • Judicial Branch Terms: Federal judges and Supreme Court justices serve for life, or until retirement, death, or conviction by the Senate.
  • Removal of Judges: Impeachment by the House of Representatives and conviction by the Senate are the methods for removing federal judges and Supreme Court justices.
  • Supreme Court's Role: The Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. legal system and is the "Court of Last Resort" as there's no appeal from its decisions.
  • Supreme Court Justice Qualifications: The Constitution does not specify qualifications for justices in terms of age, education, profession, or citizenship status.
  • Number of Justices: Currently, there are nine Supreme Court justices.
  • Number Determination: Congress establishes the number of justices that sit on the Supreme Court.
  • Chief Justice Role: The Chief Justice oversees the process of selecting cases for hearing, conducts public sessions/hearings, and presides over the subsequent votes of all justices.
  • "Rule of Four": At least four justices must agree to hear an appeal for a case to be reviewed by the Supreme Court.
  • Plaintiff (Criminal Case): The state, prosecuting an individual accused of a crime.
  • Plaintiff (Civil Case): The person initiating the lawsuit.
  • Prosecutor's Role: The prosecutor represents the people of their jurisdiction and must pursue justice in every case. They evaluate evidence, protecting the rights of the accused.
  • Defendant: The individual or party being charged with a crime (criminal cases) or against whom a lawsuit is filed (civil cases).
  • Petit Jury: A trial jury that listens to evidence in both civil and criminal cases and delivers a verdict.
  • Criminal Case Steps:
  • Arrest: Police or sheriff's department.
  • Arraignment: Defendant's first court appearance; charges are read, plea is entered.
  • Preliminary Hearing: A court proceeding to determine if there's sufficient evidence for trial.
  • Plea Bargaining: The defendant and the government might agree to a plea bargain, where the defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a concession.
  • Trial: Defendant and government present cases; a verdict is reached.
  • Verdict: An opinion or decision made after considering the facts of the case, especially one given at the end of a trial.
  • Sentencing: Involves determining the punishment for the defendant.
  • Appeal: The defendant can appeal if they believe there were errors during the trial.
  • Definition of a Criminal Case: A legal proceeding where a government prosecutor charges a person or group with a law violation.
  • Burden of Proof (Criminal): The prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime.
  • Definition of a Civil Case: A legal dispute between two or more parties.
  • Burden of Proof (Civil): The plaintiff is required to demonstrate their case by a preponderance of the evidence.
  • Precedent: A court decision that serves as a basis for future court decisions in similar cases.
  • Marbury v. Madison: Established judicial review, the power of the courts to review laws and determine their constitutionality.
  • Plessy v. Ferguson: Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation.
  • Brown v. Board of Education: Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, stating separate but equal educational facilities for racial minorities are unconstitutional.

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Related Documents

The Judicial Branch Questionaire - Spring 2023 - Past Paper PDF

Description

Test your knowledge about the judicial branch as outlined in Article III of the U.S. Constitution. This quiz covers key aspects including Supreme Court justices, their qualifications, and the process for removing judges. Challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of the highest court in the U.S.

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