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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary obligations of trading members when accessing the JSE trading system?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for trading members accessing the JSE trading system?
What responsibility does a trading member hold regarding the data submitted to the JSE trading system?
What authority must personnel employed by trading members have?
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Which of the following is essential to prevent unauthorized access to JSE systems?
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What is the significance of the data submitted to the JSE trading system by trading members?
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In what capacity must trading members execute trades in IRC securities?
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Which action must trading members take regarding data integrity?
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What must a trading member do with all orders received for a minimum of six months?
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Which of the following is NOT a method for a trading member to trade as principal?
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Under what condition can a trading member deal as principal with a client?
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What must a trading member do in regard to fees charged to clients?
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Which scenario qualifies as an off-book transaction?
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What happens when an order is entered individually by a trading member?
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How can a trading member trade for a client as an agent?
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In what situation can a trading member not make a profit during an agency transaction?
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What is one major difference between matched principal interdealer brokers and name-give-up brokers?
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Which best describes the primary function of interdealer brokers in the trading environment?
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What type of market does the secondary bond market in South Africa operate primarily under?
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What must occur for an off-book transaction in IRC securities to be considered valid?
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Why might investing institutions prefer not to engage directly with interdealer brokers?
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What distinguishes matched principal interdealer brokers from name-give-up brokers in terms of resources?
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What is a characteristic of transactions conducted in the secondary bond market?
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Why is the role of interdealer brokers significant in financial markets?
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What is the Director: Market Regulation's primary consideration when deciding on an error trade?
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Under what conditions may the JSE restrict or suspend trading in IRC securities?
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What factor does the Director: Market Regulation NOT explicitly consider when addressing an alleged error trade?
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What could possibly justify the JSE's decision to let an error trade and its consequential trades stand?
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What action may the Director: Market Regulation take regarding consequential trades from an error trade?
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Which circumstance is NOT listed as a condition that could lead to an emergency suspension of trading by the JSE?
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What factor is considered when evaluating the merits of an alleged error trade?
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What is NOT a potential outcome of the Director: Market Regulation's decision regarding an alleged error trade?
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What action must the JSE Executive take if trading in a security ceases?
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What is a requirement for transactions recorded in an agency suspense account?
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What must a member demonstrate to allocate a trade from an agency suspense account to accounts of interested parties?
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What is the purpose of having separate suspense accounts for interested party trades?
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What must be done to trades not allocated to clients by the close of business?
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Which of the following accurately defines an interested party trade?
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What is the role of adequate segregation of duties over accounts?
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What restriction is placed on a member regarding profits or losses in a suspense account?
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What distinguishes interdealer brokers from primary dealers in the JSE-Debt Market?
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Which of the following best explains the role of market makers in the bond market?
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What is a possible reason for the understanding among JSE-Debt Market members to avoid dealing with investing institutions through interdealer brokers?
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How do interdealer brokers add value to electronic trading platforms in the bond market?
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Which statement accurately describes the participation of primary dealers in the JSE-Debt Market?
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What is a key difference between the roles of primary dealers and interdealer brokers in the financial markets?
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Which factor is critical in the relationship between primary dealers and the government concerning new securities?
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What is the main characteristic of transactions facilitated by interdealer brokers?
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How do name-give-up brokers ensure the legitimacy of transactions between two principals?
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What is a significant characteristic of matched principal interdealer brokers compared to name-give-up brokers?
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Which of the following accurately describes a secondary bond market?
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What is the process for an off-book transaction in IRC securities to be considered valid?
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What is a primary reason investing institutions might avoid direct engagement with interdealer brokers?
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What is a key requirement for trading members executing transactions in IRC securities on another exchange?
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Which of the following statements about the secondary bond market in South Africa is incorrect?
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Which brokerage method is most widely used among interdealer brokers?
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What action can trading members take if an off-book transaction has been reported to the JSE trading system in error?
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Under what circumstance can the Director: Market Regulation cancel a trade executed in error without a request from a market participant?
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What is a requirement for a trading member to request the cancellation of a trade resulting from a technical issue?
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In determining whether a trade qualifies for cancellation, what specific criteria does the Director: Market Regulation prioritize?
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What is the time limit for a trading member to submit a cancellation request after receiving confirmation of a trade?
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What action may the JSE take when it encounters technical problems that lead to unintended matched trades?
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What must trading members demonstrate to resolve an error trade concerning price discrepancies?
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What condition might trigger the Director: Market Regulation to address a trade as an error trade?
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What is the minimum duration for which a trading member must keep a record of an order received?
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Which statement is true when a trading member enters a client's order into the JSE trading system as an agent?
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Under what conditions can a trading member deal with a client as a principal?
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Which scenario accurately describes an agency trade executed between two clients?
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What restriction does a trading member face regarding profits made in agency transactions?
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Which method allows a trading member to execute a principal trade with a client?
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What must be done with trades not allocated to clients by the close of business?
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What distinguishes entering an order for a client's account from entering an order in the agency suspense account?
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What must a trading member include in the transaction notification to clients?
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What is a requirement when trading members aggregate client orders?
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How should trading members manage transactions for the benefit of their employees?
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What is prohibited for trading members regarding designated agency suspense accounts?
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What must a trading member ensure about transactions executed on behalf of clients?
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In which capacity can an employee of a trading member act when engaging with the trading member?
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What minimum provision should the controls in transactions for employees include?
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What is the consequence of failing to allocate trades not allocated to clients by close of business?
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Study Notes
JSE Trading System Overview
- Trading members must execute trades in IRC securities on the JSE trading system, unless exempted.
- The JSE trading system operates on every business day per standard periods set by IRC Directives.
Access and Utilisation
- Access to the JSE trading system requires approval from the Market Controller.
- Trading members must sign agreements and comply with JSE specifications.
- Members must maintain security procedures to prevent unauthorized access to JSE systems.
- Necessary resources must be available to ensure accurate data transmission without disrupting IRC market operations.
Data Integrity Responsibilities
- Trading members are responsible for the accuracy and integrity of all data submitted to the JSE trading system.
- Any submitted data is considered to be done with the trading member's knowledge.
Authorised Personnel
- Trading members must ensure that employed personnel have full authority to act on their behalf in IRC securities transactions.
Interdealer Brokers
- Interdealer brokers enhance anonymity and efficiency in trading.
- Two types of interdealer brokers: "matched principal" and "name-give-up."
- Name-give-up brokers connect two principals before deal confirmation; settlement occurs between the principals.
- Matched principal brokers hold more capital and ensure comfort in settlement.
Secondary Bond Market
- The South African secondary bond market is exchange-traded, with most bonds listed and some unlisted, trading in an OTC market.
- Facilitates the buying and selling of previously issued securities for investors.
Execution of Trades
- Trading members must conduct IRC securities transactions on the JSE trading system, with exceptions for authorized exchanges or off-book transactions.
- Orders received after hours maintain time priority based on their entry into the trading system.
- All trade orders must be recorded for a minimum of six months.
Trading Capacity
- Trading members can act as agents or principals in transactions.
- Consent is required for members trading as principals with clients.
- Profits from agency transactions are limited to fees and brokerage, separated from transaction prices.
- Members can either enter client orders directly or execute trades off the central order book and report them.
Error Trades
- Consequential trades resulting from error trades are evaluated case-by-case by the Director: Market Regulation.
- Decisions may include trade cancellations or allowing trades to stand based on relevant factors.
Emergency Provisions
- The JSE can restrict or suspend trading during emergencies to maintain market order.
- Emergencies include exchange closures, state threats, or legal changes affecting markets.
Agency Suspense Accounts
- Unallocated trades must be placed in a suspense account and allocated to clients by day’s end.
- Adequate controls are required to prevent client prejudice when utilizing suspense accounts.
- Trades unallocated by business close will be moved to a misdeals account the following day.
- Members cannot realize profits or losses in suspense accounts.
Trade Cancellation Procedures
- Erroneous off-book transactions reported to the JSE can be canceled or an equal opposite trade can be reported on the same day.
- Director: Market Regulation can cancel trades if they materially affect market integrity, even without a participant's request.
- Trade cancellations can occur due to technical issues in the JSE trading system, allowing members to request cancellation.
Error Trade Considerations
- The Director will check if the trade price is outside the no cancellation range relative to the reference price.
- Requests for cancellations must be made within 20 minutes of trade confirmation.
JSE-Debt Market Structure
- Members of the JSE-Debt Market are termed "authorised users," capable of conducting securities services.
- A distinction exists between interdealer brokers (who only trade among other members) and ordinary members (who engage with all market players).
Role of Market Makers and Brokers
- Market makers quote buying and selling prices for bonds simultaneously when required.
- Interdealer brokers promote efficient trading between financial institutions, while maintaining an understanding to avoid direct involvement with investing institutions.
Primary Dealers vs Interdealer Brokers
- Primary dealers are large institutions authorized to trade directly with government and issuers, engaging in both primary and secondary markets.
- Interdealer brokers act as intermediaries for transactions between financial institutions, often providing anonymity in trade.
Secondary Bond Market Dynamics
- The secondary bond market in South Africa is mainly exchange-traded, allowing existing security holders to sell and new investors to acquire securities.
Trading Members and IRC Securities
- Trading members must conduct IRC securities transactions through the JSE trading system unless otherwise negotiated.
- Orders received after hours get priority based on their entry time.
Trading Capacity Guidelines
- Trading members can operate as agents or principals, requiring client consent before acting as principal.
- Members must separate fees from transaction prices and maintain a record of orders for six months.
Client Notification Requirements
- Clients must be notified of all transactions, detailing transaction terms, member's capacity, and any fees associated with agency transactions.
Employee Trading Policies
- Trading members must ensure employee transactions do not conflict with clients' interests, maintaining oversight and controls.
Deal Management Procedures
- The aggregation of orders should utilize designated agency suspense accounts, and members cannot trade on these accounts for personal benefit.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of the JSE trading system, outlining the requirements for trading members including access, data integrity, and responsibilities. Participants will test their knowledge on key aspects of trading operations and compliance with JSE specifications.