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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Gimpong' refer to in relation to the original inhabitants of Abra?

  • Their method of farming
  • Their traditional haircut styles (correct)
  • Their hunting practices
  • Their distinctive artwork

    • Which ethnolinguistic group is said to have originated from Balbalan, Kalinga?

  • Gubang (correct)
  • Binongan
  • Agta
  • Belwang

    • Which group is believed to have a common dialect with the Isneg?

  • Balatok
  • Adasen (correct)
  • Maeng
  • Masadiit

    • What is a characteristic feature of the musical practices of the Tingguians?

    <p>Presence of yodeling in their songs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which locations do the Binongan Tribes claim to originate?

    <p>Balatok and Guinaang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the babbakot play during the celebrations among the Tingguians?

    <p>Sing the diwas-sani during celebrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group believes their ancestry traces back to Kalinga and Mt. Province?

    <p>Masadiit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pagta serve as in the context of the Tingguian community?

    <p>A basis for resolving crimes or misdeeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical reasons cited for the Tingguians' migration to Abra?

    <p>Desire for fertile lands and hunting grounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group primarily engages in the apportionment of tasks during collective activities?

    <p>Managable workgroups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main form of compensation for labor in the Tingguian community?

    <p>Food provided by the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice involves helpers bringing skills to assist in various tasks?

    <p>Pango</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'bayanihan' refer to in the context of Filipino culture?

    <p>Working together as a community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context do the Tingguians practice cooperative work?

    <p>In everyday farming and house construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of meat does the host typically butcher for the Pango practice?

    <p>Wild boar or deer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of ownership and management of ancestral land among the Tingguians?

    <p>Collective agreements passed through generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Sangasang ritual?

    <p>To strengthen the child's growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Kalon or tani engagement process, what do the boy's parents present to the girl's family?

    <p>Three beads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Apo Baket in the Sangasang ritual?

    <p>To make necessary offerings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the two beads placed in the antique bowl during the Pakalon ceremony?

    <p>They ensure the couple's lifelong union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the act of butchering a pig during the tugtugaw signify?

    <p>Acceptance of the men's intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of marriage customs is highlighted by the Singlip or Danon?

    <p>Formal agreement documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ritual takes place when a child reaches two years old?

    <p>Oloy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the custom of tinipuy or kinaiw, what is negotiated between the families?

    <p>The details surrounding the wedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of botad in the mentioned cultural context?

    <p>To assist during emergencies and illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bolig' refer to in the traditional practice described?

    <p>The act of carrying a sick or dead person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the social dynamic during a botad?

    <p>Conflict is set aside to collaborate for assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which geographic area is Abra located?

    <p>Northern Luzon, landlocked and surrounded by provinces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Abra's total land area is occupied by the Tingguians' ancestral domains?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups constitute the people of Abra?

    <p>Tingguians and Ilokanos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for carrying a sick or dead person during a botad?

    <p>A blanket and a sturdy pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many municipalities are present in Abra?

    <p>27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ritual involving monetary assistance during a wedding celebration among the Tingguians?

    <p>To assist the families financially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which courtship practice involves the parents negotiating and arranging the wedding?

    <p>Tinipuy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the mediator named Bullalo play in the Tugtugaw practice?

    <p>He leads the group of men to deliver wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the family's response to the courtship intentions of young men demonstrated in the Tugtugaw practice?

    <p>They butcher a pig for the young men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significance do Uggayam and related poetic songs have in Tingguian culture?

    <p>They are associated with joyous festivities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From what Malay word is the term 'Tingguians' derived, and what does it signify?

    <p>Tinggi, meaning mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the courtship practice where young men deliver wood to a maiden's house?

    <p>Tugtugaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Tingguian culture reflects their view on community engagement during celebrations?

    <p>Community members gather to assist during events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Origins of the Tingguian People

    • The original inhabitants of Abra were known as "Gimpong" due to their distinctive haircut style.
    • The Tingguian people are believed to have migrated to Abra from surrounding areas including Kalinga, Mt.Province, and Apayao.
    • The Tingguian people consist of 12 ethnolinguistic groups, each with variations in dialect and cultural practices.

    The Tingguians' Music and Dances

    • The Tingguians have rich ritualistic practices that are deeply intertwined with their songs, music, and dances.
    • The "uggayam," "balbalagoyos," "adding," and "dangu" are traditional songs that are often sung during celebrations.
    • The "diwas-sani" is a mantra sung by elder women, often during ceremonies.

    Tingguian Practices and Traditions

    • The Tingguians perform various ceremonies for infants, including the "Longbos" (confirmation rite), "Sangasang" (first tooth), and "Oloy" (second birthday).
    • Traditional courtship and marriage rituals include:
      • "Kalon" or "Tani" (child engagement): A boy and girl are matched at a young age, symbolizing the engagement with beads.
      • "Singlip" or "Danon" (engagement ritual): The man's family visits the woman's family to finalize the engagement.
      • "Pakalon" or "Wolwac" (dowry and finalization): The sab-ong (dowry) is settled, symbolized by a drinking ritual.
      • "Tugtugaw" (courtship ritual): A group of men, led by a mediator, gather wood to deliver to the woman's house.
      • "Tinipuy" or "Kinaiw" (arranged marriage): The parents of the bride and groom negotiate the wedding arrangements.

    The Bayanihan System

    • The Tingguian society emphasizes cooperation and community support.
    • The Bayanihan system, a Filipino custom of collective action, is deeply rooted in Tingguian culture.
    • Key examples of Bayanihan practices:
      • "Pango": Cooperative labor for tasks such as house building, harvesting, and planting, often involving shared meals.
      • "Botad": Collective response to emergencies, involving the transportation of sick or injured individuals.
      • "Bolig": Voluntary task of carrying a sick or dead person during a "Botad."

    The Tingguian Ancestral Domain

    • Their ancestral domain encompasses nearly 80% of Abra's total land area.
    • The Tingguian people have a collective system for managing and utilizing their lands.
    • Their traditions are passed down through generations.

    Abra's Geography and Demographics

    • Abra is situated in the Western Cordillera, surrounded by the provinces of Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Apayao, and Mt.Province.
    • It is a landlocked province with four primary roads connecting it to surrounding areas.
    • Abra consists of 27 municipalities and 303 barangays.
    • The Abrenian people are composed of the Tingguian indigenous group and the Ilokanos.

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