1.8 Reading
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1.8 Reading

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Questions and Answers

What is the most important skill for health care workers when it comes to research?

  • Staying current with new technology
  • Conducting experiments
  • Making decisions based on intuition
  • Reading and critically evaluating published reports (correct)

    • Who relies on the results of studies to help solve problems and make decisions about important subjects?

  • Educators
  • Health care administrators (correct)
  • Health care workers
  • Famous researchers

    • What do educators need to stay current with in order to be informed consumers of research information?

  • Productivity assessment
  • Basic research concepts
  • New technology and its evidence base (correct)
  • Continuous quality improvement

    • What is the overall plan for conducting scientific research?

    <p>The scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of research according to the report?

    <p>To find answers using the scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must all health care workers be familiar with in order to practice as professionals?

    <p>Reading and critically evaluating published reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of measurement is represented by a pain scale or an Apgar score?

    <p>Ordinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In respiratory care research, what type of data would pressure, temperature, flow, and duration be classified as?

    <p>Continuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes matched data from unmatched data in respiratory care research?

    <p>They are closely related in some way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical procedures are most conveniently grouped by the level of measurement represented by the study data in respiratory care research?

    <p>Common procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the text?

    <p>To reject the hypothesis as false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of defining rejection criteria in the scientific method?

    <p>To provide a basis for comparison with experimental data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In scientific research, what is the purpose of making a prediction based on a hypothesis?

    <p>To provide a basis for comparison with rejection values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to test the hypothesis using rejection criteria?

    <p>To determine whether to reject or accept the hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about developing study ideas in scientific research?

    <p>Ideas come from everyday work experiences, talking with colleagues, and reading professional journals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step in the research process according to the text?

    <p>Searching the literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study design is commonly used in respiratory care according to the text?

    <p>Case study, device or method evaluation, and original clinical study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of discussing your ideas with someone experienced in research and statistics?

    <p>To refine the study question, identify appropriate experimental methods, and develop an implementation plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study does not usually involve statistical analysis according to the text?

    <p>Case study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as critical in scientific research according to the text?

    <p>Selecting rejection criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically beyond the scope of the article regarding experimental design?

    <p>Statistical theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a research protocol?

    <p>To communicate study plans to others and serve as instructions for investigators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement before conducting a study involving human or animal subjects?

    <p>Written consent from study subjects or their guardians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main components of the course of study for self-taught researchers?

    <p>Familiarity with measurement devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential skill for researchers when working with a mentor?

    <p>Accepting critical review of written work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardinal rule of working with a mentor according to the text?

    <p>Put your ego on the shelf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which software is found to be useful for designing data-collection forms and for organizing data?

    <p>Spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required if a study involves medical treatment of patients?

    <p>Obtaining permission from the IRB and written consent from patients or their guardians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the introduction section of a research report?

    <p>The hypothesis as the unifying principle for the report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are formal statistical procedures required in a study design?

    <p>To test the hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as part of medical history when published?

    <p>Research findings in medical journals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component serves as instructions for investigators?

    <p>Research protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be voluntary in order for a subject to participate in a study?

    <p>Decision to participate in the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the special articles in the issue of RESPIRATORY CARE mentioned in the text?

    <p>To help understand scientific research and outline a self-study course for research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary skill that healthcare professionals need to acquire, according to the text?

    <p>Ability to critically evaluate published reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations demand from health care providers?

    <p>Quality assurance based on scientific monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized about the development and introduction of new technology in the healthcare industry?

    <p>New technology must satisfy a well-established need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern related to research involving human subjects, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Safety and protection of the subjects' human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the American Association for Respiratory Care have a code of ethics for?

    <p>Conducting medical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must researchers obtain before beginning an investigation involving human subjects?

    <p>Formal approval from the medical research board</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives coherence and meaning to the 3 basic missions of academic medicine according to the text?

    <p>Scientific research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best thing aspiring researchers can do according to the text?

    <p>Find a mentor with experience in scientific studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    10.1

    <p>This one sounding similar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is another example question. Which one of these is the most correct?

    <p>This one is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Just one more example question. What is the best color?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of an IRB?

    <p>To review and approve study proposals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary component for IRB review?

    <p>Patient consent form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be obtained before an IRB can approve a research protocol?

    <p>Legally effective informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of informed consent in research studies?

    <p>To ensure that potential benefits to the subject outweigh the risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of medical colleges in relation to research and education?

    <p>Graduating knowledgeable practitioners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the scientific method?

    <p>To repeat experiments for validation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the presumed role of the approved research protocol?

    <p>To consistently follow the original research plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of prospective clinical research in respiratory care, according to the text?

    <p>Answering important questions about medications, equipment, or treatment approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest priority in a clinical study, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Protecting the research subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as an essential aspect of conducting and publishing a prospective clinical study, based on the text?

    <p>The potential for changing care and helping a large number of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as critical in scientific research according to the text?

    <p>Protecting the research subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically beyond the scope of an article about experimental design in respiratory care research?

    <p>Frustrations encountered during the research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in clinical research?

    <p>To minimize risks and ensure the risks are reasonable in relation to benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have control subjects in a controlled clinical study?

    <p>To provide a standard for comparison with the experimental group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of blinding in a clinical study?

    <p>To minimize the possibility of bias in evaluating the subject's response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in designing a clinical study?

    <p>Using accepted methods and prior laboratory/animal studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to report all adverse events and deaths to the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

    <p>To minimize risks and ensure the safety of research subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized about the development of new technology in the healthcare industry?

    <p>The central role of scientific principles and IRB approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done with any deviations from the approved protocol in a clinical study?

    <p>They must be pre-approved by the IRB before implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect when assessing the safety and efficacy of a new medication, device, or treatment?

    <p>Prior laboratory and/or animal studies using accepted methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting power analysis and sample size estimation in clinical studies?

    <p>To determine an appropriate sample size for reliable study results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a clinical study to be ethical at its inception?

    <p>It is well-designed according to sound scientific principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) have in approving clinical studies?

    <p>To minimize risks and ensure that risks are reasonable in relation to benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assigning subjects to experimental and control groups in a clinical study?

    <p>To minimize bias in the interpretation of results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In clinical studies, what may be used as a control for subjects if no conventional treatment is available or appropriate?

    <p>Placebo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it considered unethical to give subjects a treatment that is known to be inferior to some other treatment?

    <p>It may lead to biased results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an impartial safety monitoring committee during a clinical study?

    <p>To identify unequivocal benefits or intolerable adverse events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cognitively impaired, traumatized, and critically ill patients considered vulnerable in clinical studies?

    <p>Because they may not be able to fully participate in the informed consent process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In clinical studies, what should be evaluated before undertaking a study that involves risks for the subjects?

    <p>The predictability and minimization of risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether pregnant women can be categorically excluded from a clinical study?

    <p>A valid basis supported by the study's objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered unacceptable in a clinical study according to the text?

    <p>A study that lacks valuable data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk for subjects participating in research studies with unsupported interventions?

    <p>Physical, psychological, sociological, or other harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In clinical studies where no direct benefit is expected, what must be evaluated to determine if the risks are morally acceptable?

    <p>Predictability and minimization of risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured in research involving an intervention expected to provide direct benefit to the subject?

    <p>A certain amount of risk justifiable by potential benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the language of informed consent documents according to the Office of Human Research Protection?

    <p>Lay language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary finding of the randomized, controlled study published in 1996 regarding weaning from mechanical ventilation?

    <p>Respiratory-therapist-driven protocols hastened weaning from mechanical ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of not obtaining informed consent, especially from subjects who may lack the capacity to give consent?

    <p>Coercion and inappropriate influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the investigators address to interpret the importance of clinical research?

    <p>Potential biases related to selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did the study use to notify the physician of the success of spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs)?

    <p>Direct verbal communication with the physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'intent to treat' referring to in the context of the report?

    <p>'The patients we intended to treat in this study'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of systematic exclusion of certain types of patients from a study?

    <p>'Selection' bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be described by the investigators if there was a systematic exclusion of certain types of patients from the study?

    <p>'Selection' bias and its impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must all subjects be provided with before consenting to participate in a study, as required by the Office of Human Research Protection?

    <p>A statement that participation is voluntary and refusal will involve no penalty or loss of benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be described separately in informed consent documents according to the Office of Human Research Protection?

    <p>The extent to which confidentiality of records identifying the subject will be maintained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant result observed in the experimental group based on the study results mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hastening successful weaning by 2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered at the heart of research-subject protection according to the text?

    <p>The process of obtaining informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first essential step in developing a hypothesis for a clinical research study?

    <p>Reading other studies on the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when designing a clinical study?

    <p>Including an expert in statistical analysis at an early stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of informed consent in research studies?

    <p>To protect subjects from potential risks and ensure voluntary participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have control subjects in a controlled clinical study?

    <p>To make data analysis easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a clinical study to be ethical at its inception?

    <p>The study must have a sound and ethical design and purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must researchers obtain before beginning an investigation involving human subjects?

    <p>Approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step in the research process according to the text?

    <p>Including an expert in statistical analysis at an early stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes matched data from unmatched data in respiratory care research?

    <p>The similarity of characteristics between subjects in matched data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main components of the course of study for self-taught researchers?

    <p>Getting a mentor to help with initial projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential skill for researchers when working with a mentor?

    <p>Participating in discussions about project bottlenecks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be described separately in informed consent documents according to the Office of Human Research Protection?

    <p>Potential risks and benefits of participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it imply about developing study ideas in scientific research?

    <p>It may involve refining hypotheses based on existing studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

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