103 Questions
What is the most important skill for health care workers when it comes to research?
Reading and critically evaluating published reports
Who relies on the results of studies to help solve problems and make decisions about important subjects?
Health care administrators
What do educators need to stay current with in order to be informed consumers of research information?
New technology and its evidence base
What is the overall plan for conducting scientific research?
The scientific method
What is the goal of research according to the report?
To find answers using the scientific method
What must all health care workers be familiar with in order to practice as professionals?
Reading and critically evaluating published reports
Which level of measurement is represented by a pain scale or an Apgar score?
Ordinal
In respiratory care research, what type of data would pressure, temperature, flow, and duration be classified as?
Continuous
What distinguishes matched data from unmatched data in respiratory care research?
They are closely related in some way
Which statistical procedures are most conveniently grouped by the level of measurement represented by the study data in respiratory care research?
Common procedures
What is the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the text?
To reject the hypothesis as false
What is the purpose of defining rejection criteria in the scientific method?
To provide a basis for comparison with experimental data
In scientific research, what is the purpose of making a prediction based on a hypothesis?
To provide a basis for comparison with rejection values
Why is it important to test the hypothesis using rejection criteria?
To determine whether to reject or accept the hypothesis
What does the text imply about developing study ideas in scientific research?
Ideas come from everyday work experiences, talking with colleagues, and reading professional journals
What is an important step in the research process according to the text?
Searching the literature
What type of study design is commonly used in respiratory care according to the text?
Case study, device or method evaluation, and original clinical study
What is the significance of discussing your ideas with someone experienced in research and statistics?
To refine the study question, identify appropriate experimental methods, and develop an implementation plan
What type of study does not usually involve statistical analysis according to the text?
Case study
What is emphasized as critical in scientific research according to the text?
Selecting rejection criteria
What is typically beyond the scope of the article regarding experimental design?
Statistical theory
What is the purpose of a research protocol?
To communicate study plans to others and serve as instructions for investigators
What is a key requirement before conducting a study involving human or animal subjects?
Written consent from study subjects or their guardians
What is one of the main components of the course of study for self-taught researchers?
Familiarity with measurement devices
What is an essential skill for researchers when working with a mentor?
Accepting critical review of written work
What is the cardinal rule of working with a mentor according to the text?
Put your ego on the shelf
Which software is found to be useful for designing data-collection forms and for organizing data?
Spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel
What is required if a study involves medical treatment of patients?
Obtaining permission from the IRB and written consent from patients or their guardians
What should be included in the introduction section of a research report?
The hypothesis as the unifying principle for the report
When are formal statistical procedures required in a study design?
To test the hypothesis
What serves as part of medical history when published?
Research findings in medical journals
Which component serves as instructions for investigators?
Research protocol
What must be voluntary in order for a subject to participate in a study?
Decision to participate in the study
What is the purpose of the special articles in the issue of RESPIRATORY CARE mentioned in the text?
To help understand scientific research and outline a self-study course for research
What is the primary skill that healthcare professionals need to acquire, according to the text?
Ability to critically evaluate published reports
What does the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations demand from health care providers?
Quality assurance based on scientific monitoring
What is emphasized about the development and introduction of new technology in the healthcare industry?
New technology must satisfy a well-established need
What is a major concern related to research involving human subjects, as mentioned in the text?
Safety and protection of the subjects' human rights
What does the American Association for Respiratory Care have a code of ethics for?
Conducting medical research
What must researchers obtain before beginning an investigation involving human subjects?
Formal approval from the medical research board
What gives coherence and meaning to the 3 basic missions of academic medicine according to the text?
Scientific research
What is the best thing aspiring researchers can do according to the text?
Find a mentor with experience in scientific studies
10.1
This one sounding similar
This is another example question. Which one of these is the most correct?
This one is correct
Just one more example question. What is the best color?
Blue
What is the main function of an IRB?
To review and approve study proposals
What is a necessary component for IRB review?
Patient consent form
What must be obtained before an IRB can approve a research protocol?
Legally effective informed consent
What is the purpose of informed consent in research studies?
To ensure that potential benefits to the subject outweigh the risks
What is the role of medical colleges in relation to research and education?
Graduating knowledgeable practitioners
What is the primary goal of the scientific method?
To repeat experiments for validation
What is the presumed role of the approved research protocol?
To consistently follow the original research plan
What is the primary focus of prospective clinical research in respiratory care, according to the text?
Answering important questions about medications, equipment, or treatment approaches
What is the highest priority in a clinical study, as mentioned in the text?
Protecting the research subjects
What serves as an essential aspect of conducting and publishing a prospective clinical study, based on the text?
The potential for changing care and helping a large number of patients
What is emphasized as critical in scientific research according to the text?
Protecting the research subjects
What is typically beyond the scope of an article about experimental design in respiratory care research?
Frustrations encountered during the research process
What is the primary objective of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in clinical research?
To minimize risks and ensure the risks are reasonable in relation to benefits
Why is it important to have control subjects in a controlled clinical study?
To provide a standard for comparison with the experimental group
What is the purpose of blinding in a clinical study?
To minimize the possibility of bias in evaluating the subject's response
What is a key consideration in designing a clinical study?
Using accepted methods and prior laboratory/animal studies
Why is it important to report all adverse events and deaths to the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
To minimize risks and ensure the safety of research subjects
What is emphasized about the development of new technology in the healthcare industry?
The central role of scientific principles and IRB approval
What must be done with any deviations from the approved protocol in a clinical study?
They must be pre-approved by the IRB before implementation
What is an essential aspect when assessing the safety and efficacy of a new medication, device, or treatment?
Prior laboratory and/or animal studies using accepted methods
What is the purpose of conducting power analysis and sample size estimation in clinical studies?
To determine an appropriate sample size for reliable study results
What does it mean for a clinical study to be ethical at its inception?
It is well-designed according to sound scientific principles
What role does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) have in approving clinical studies?
To minimize risks and ensure that risks are reasonable in relation to benefits
What is the purpose of assigning subjects to experimental and control groups in a clinical study?
To minimize bias in the interpretation of results
In clinical studies, what may be used as a control for subjects if no conventional treatment is available or appropriate?
Placebo
Why is it considered unethical to give subjects a treatment that is known to be inferior to some other treatment?
It may lead to biased results
What is the role of an impartial safety monitoring committee during a clinical study?
To identify unequivocal benefits or intolerable adverse events
Why are cognitively impaired, traumatized, and critically ill patients considered vulnerable in clinical studies?
Because they may not be able to fully participate in the informed consent process
In clinical studies, what should be evaluated before undertaking a study that involves risks for the subjects?
The predictability and minimization of risks
What determines whether pregnant women can be categorically excluded from a clinical study?
A valid basis supported by the study's objectives
What is considered unacceptable in a clinical study according to the text?
A study that lacks valuable data
What is a potential risk for subjects participating in research studies with unsupported interventions?
Physical, psychological, sociological, or other harm
In clinical studies where no direct benefit is expected, what must be evaluated to determine if the risks are morally acceptable?
Predictability and minimization of risks
What must be ensured in research involving an intervention expected to provide direct benefit to the subject?
A certain amount of risk justifiable by potential benefit
What should be the language of informed consent documents according to the Office of Human Research Protection?
Lay language
What was the primary finding of the randomized, controlled study published in 1996 regarding weaning from mechanical ventilation?
Respiratory-therapist-driven protocols hastened weaning from mechanical ventilation
What is the potential consequence of not obtaining informed consent, especially from subjects who may lack the capacity to give consent?
Coercion and inappropriate influence
What should the investigators address to interpret the importance of clinical research?
Potential biases related to selection
What method did the study use to notify the physician of the success of spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs)?
Direct verbal communication with the physician
What is 'intent to treat' referring to in the context of the report?
'The patients we intended to treat in this study'
What is the potential consequence of systematic exclusion of certain types of patients from a study?
'Selection' bias
What must be described by the investigators if there was a systematic exclusion of certain types of patients from the study?
'Selection' bias and its impact
What must all subjects be provided with before consenting to participate in a study, as required by the Office of Human Research Protection?
A statement that participation is voluntary and refusal will involve no penalty or loss of benefits
What should be described separately in informed consent documents according to the Office of Human Research Protection?
The extent to which confidentiality of records identifying the subject will be maintained
What was one significant result observed in the experimental group based on the study results mentioned in the text?
Hastening successful weaning by 2 days
What is considered at the heart of research-subject protection according to the text?
The process of obtaining informed consent
What is the first essential step in developing a hypothesis for a clinical research study?
Reading other studies on the topic
What is an important consideration when designing a clinical study?
Including an expert in statistical analysis at an early stage
What is the purpose of informed consent in research studies?
To protect subjects from potential risks and ensure voluntary participation
Why is it important to have control subjects in a controlled clinical study?
To make data analysis easier
What does it mean for a clinical study to be ethical at its inception?
The study must have a sound and ethical design and purpose
What must researchers obtain before beginning an investigation involving human subjects?
Approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB)
What is an important step in the research process according to the text?
Including an expert in statistical analysis at an early stage
What distinguishes matched data from unmatched data in respiratory care research?
The similarity of characteristics between subjects in matched data
What is one of the main components of the course of study for self-taught researchers?
Getting a mentor to help with initial projects
What is an essential skill for researchers when working with a mentor?
Participating in discussions about project bottlenecks
What should be described separately in informed consent documents according to the Office of Human Research Protection?
Potential risks and benefits of participation
What does it imply about developing study ideas in scientific research?
It may involve refining hypotheses based on existing studies
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