Journey into the Past
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Questions and Answers

Which type of sediment is the most common?

  • Lithogenous (correct)
  • Hydrogenous
  • Biogenous
  • Cosmogenous

    • What does lithogenous sediment come from?

  • Directly from water
  • From outer space
  • Biological processes
  • Weathering and erosion of rocks (correct)

    • What can the composition of lithogenous sediments tell us?

  • The source material of the rocks (correct)
  • The location of the deposition
  • The age of the sediments
  • The type of biological organisms present

    • How long does the process of lithogenous sediment formation take?

    <p>Millions and millions of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a principle origin of sediment according to the text?

    <p>Warm pieces of rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when sediments are compacted and cemented together to form a rock?

    <p>Lithification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sediment cores collected by the Jody's Resolute ship?

    <p>To collect samples of sediment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important discovery was made by the Deepsea Drilling Project?

    <p>Confirmation of continental drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent of erosion is responsible for most of the work in depositing sediment in the great valley of California?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of sediment carried by glaciers?

    <p>Ultra fine powdery material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the greatest quantity of epigenetic sediments concentrated?

    <p>Continental margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sediment drop out of the water when it enters the ocean?

    <p>Its velocity drops to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study focuses on understanding changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate over a long period of time?

    <p>Paleo oceanography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the law of superposition state?

    <p>The oldest layers in any rock column are at the bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high energy environment imply about the particle size in sediment?

    <p>The particle size is large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does poorly sorted sediment indicate about the energy of the environment?

    <p>The energy is varied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be determined by analyzing marine sediments?

    <p>The distribution of marine organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the isotope ratio of oxygen in marine sediments tell us?

    <p>The temperature of the seawater at a particular time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the layer of sediment high in iridium found in the oceans?

    <p>It indicates a global extinction event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the texture of marine sediments important in identifying characteristics?

    <p>It can indicate the origin of the sediment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes shallow water deposits?

    <p>Neurytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sediment is typically found in glacial deposits?

    <p>Rafted sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the presence of turbidite deposits indicate?

    <p>Deep water conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sediments reflect the composition of the rock from which they were derived?

    <p>Lithogenous sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the grain size of sediment?

    <p>The energy of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scale used to classify grain size in sediment?

    <p>The Wentworth scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral makes up the majority of sand found in the Earth's crust?

    <p>Quartz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why sand is enriched with quartz compared to the source material?

    <p>Quartz is weathering resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do sand grains in the picture appear angular and not rounded?

    <p>They have not been transported for a long time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of lithogenous sediment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Volcanic ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why marine organisms in lacustrine environments use silica to build their shells instead of calcium carbonate?

    <p>Silica is more readily available in the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sediment is typically found in the abyssal plains?

    <p>Iron-rich clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two types of biogenic ooze are mentioned in the text?

    <p>Calcareous ooze and siliceous ooze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate?

    <p>CaCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diatomaceous earth in a pool filter?

    <p>To act as a filter to remove particles from the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms get their energy by consuming other organisms?

    <p>Radiolaryns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between photosynthetic diatoms and radiolaryns?

    <p>Diatoms produce their own energy through photosynthesis, while radiolaryns obtain energy by consuming other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the shells of diatoms and radiolaryns?

    <p>Tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of silica required for a sediment to be classified as a siliceous ooze?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main commercial use of diatomaceous earth?

    <p>Principal component of glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

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