Journey into the Past

Which type of sediment is the most common?

Lithogenous (correct)

Hydrogenous

Biogenous

Cosmogenous

What does lithogenous sediment come from?

Directly from water

From outer space

Biological processes

Weathering and erosion of rocks (correct)

What can the composition of lithogenous sediments tell us?

The source material of the rocks (correct)

The location of the deposition

The age of the sediments

The type of biological organisms present

How long does the process of lithogenous sediment formation take?

Millions and millions of years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a principle origin of sediment according to the text?

Warm pieces of rock Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when sediments are compacted and cemented together to form a rock?

Lithification Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sediment cores collected by the Jody's Resolute ship?

To collect samples of sediment Signup and view all the answers

What important discovery was made by the Deepsea Drilling Project?

Confirmation of continental drift Signup and view all the answers

Which agent of erosion is responsible for most of the work in depositing sediment in the great valley of California?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of sediment carried by glaciers?

Ultra fine powdery material Signup and view all the answers

Where are the greatest quantity of epigenetic sediments concentrated?

Continental margins Signup and view all the answers

How does sediment drop out of the water when it enters the ocean?

Its velocity drops to zero Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on understanding changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate over a long period of time?

Paleo oceanography Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of superposition state?

The oldest layers in any rock column are at the bottom Signup and view all the answers

What does a high energy environment imply about the particle size in sediment?

The particle size is large Signup and view all the answers

What does poorly sorted sediment indicate about the energy of the environment?

The energy is varied Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be determined by analyzing marine sediments?

The distribution of marine organisms Signup and view all the answers

What can the isotope ratio of oxygen in marine sediments tell us?

The temperature of the seawater at a particular time Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the layer of sediment high in iridium found in the oceans?

It indicates a global extinction event Signup and view all the answers

Why is the texture of marine sediments important in identifying characteristics?

It can indicate the origin of the sediment Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes shallow water deposits?

Neurytic Signup and view all the answers

What type of sediment is typically found in glacial deposits?

Rafted sediments Signup and view all the answers

What can the presence of turbidite deposits indicate?

Deep water conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sediments reflect the composition of the rock from which they were derived?

Lithogenous sediments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the grain size of sediment?

The energy of the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the scale used to classify grain size in sediment?

The Wentworth scale Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral makes up the majority of sand found in the Earth's crust?

Quartz Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why sand is enriched with quartz compared to the source material?

Quartz is weathering resistant Signup and view all the answers

Why do sand grains in the picture appear angular and not rounded?

They have not been transported for a long time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of lithogenous sediment mentioned in the text?

Volcanic ash Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why marine organisms in lacustrine environments use silica to build their shells instead of calcium carbonate?

Silica is more readily available in the water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sediment is typically found in the abyssal plains?

Iron-rich clay Signup and view all the answers

Which two types of biogenic ooze are mentioned in the text?

Calcareous ooze and siliceous ooze Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate?

CaCO3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of diatomaceous earth in a pool filter?

To act as a filter to remove particles from the water Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms get their energy by consuming other organisms?

Radiolaryns Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between photosynthetic diatoms and radiolaryns?

Diatoms produce their own energy through photosynthesis, while radiolaryns obtain energy by consuming other organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to the shells of diatoms and radiolaryns?

Tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of silica required for a sediment to be classified as a siliceous ooze?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main commercial use of diatomaceous earth?

Principal component of glass Signup and view all the answers