Journalism and Translation Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of journalistic translation as proposed by Conway?

  • To sell news stories to a wider audience
  • To reinforce national stereotypes in foreign news
  • To provide a platform for cultural misunderstanding
  • To explain how one group interprets events to another group (correct)

How do journalists create interest in their stories according to Bednarek & Caple?

  • By focusing solely on the foreign perspective
  • By presenting facts without bias
  • By appealing to readers' pre-existing cultural schemas (correct)
  • By utilizing complex narrative structures

What is a potential issue with the role of journalists as educators in foreign news?

  • They focus too much on their own cultural experiences
  • They often provide too much information about other cultures
  • They may misrepresent foreign cultures for commercial gain (correct)
  • They are unable to translate complex ideas effectively

According to Brownlie, what characteristic of human nature affects how cultures are construed in journalism?

<p>An inclination to relate other cultures to one's own (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does Translation Studies face according to O’Sullivan?

<p>Integrating multimodal aspects into translation theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main roles of journalists in the translation process of news production?

<p>They act as intercultural mediators, shaping foreign events for local audiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the process of cultural translation in news contexts affect public perception?

<p>By perpetuating negative cultural stereotypes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of multimodal resources in framing news narratives?

<p>They orchestrate a combination of images, videos, and other semiotic devices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is employed in news contexts to achieve framing?

<p>Selection and deselection of news events and reports. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do digital newspapers play in shaping news content?

<p>They integrate various semiotic methods to shape narratives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the ideological bias of news producers?

<p>It may overlap with political agendas like those of Salvini. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'negative cultural stereotypes' in news translation?

<p>Biased representations that mischaracterize cultural identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of framing focused on representations of Otherness?

<p>It can influence public opinion and foster prejudice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is being criticized in the context of the League party's actions in Emilia Romagna?

<p>Rise of authoritarian tendencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What academic program is Denise Filmer associated with at the University of Pisa?

<p>Political Science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main research interests of Denise Filmer?

<p>Intercultural mediation and translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anti-intellectualism' imply in the political context described?

<p>Rejection of intellectual discourse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of fellowship did Denise Filmer win in 2017?

<p>Postdoctoral fellowship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of media discourse is highlighted in Denise Filmer's research?

<p>Gender and sexuality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the practice of sending refugees back to their country typically involve?

<p>Returning them to an environment where they may suffer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area has Denise Filmer conducted her doctoral research?

<p>Translation Studies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'far-right' in the article imply about Matteo Salvini's political stance?

<p>He advocates for extreme nationalist views. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stylistic device is predominantly used to characterize the potential future of Salvini's leadership in the text?

<p>Hedging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What visual element accompanies the text to enhance the portrayal of Salvini?

<p>A posed photograph with religious lighting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the photograph of Salvini is highlighted to convey his image as a leader?

<p>His gesture towards a young boy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the use of the phrase 'could be' suggest about the predictions regarding Salvini?

<p>The predictions are speculative in nature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the indirect quotes used in the article?

<p>They help establish a strong argument without references. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implied criticism regarding the lack of direct quotes from Salvini?

<p>It suggests a potential fabrication of statements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the article visually and textually frame Matteo Salvini's persona?

<p>As a charismatic and powerful leader. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main aims of the study on Matteo Salvini?

<p>To unpack multimodal representations of Salvini (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of culture is emphasized in the analysis of news discourse regarding Salvini?

<p>Cultural translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study, how do news producers typically represent Italianness in relation to Salvini?

<p>Through familiar tropes of Italianness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methodology underlies the investigation of the semiotic affordances in the study?

<p>Multimodal critical discourse perspectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which news perspective is analyzed in relation to the Italian politician Matte Salvini?

<p>Anglophone news brands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the study characterize the relationship between some news producers' ideologies and Salvini's positions?

<p>They are frequently aligned in ideology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe Salvini's role in the context of the study?

<p>A controversial figure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of news representation is highlighted as being overridden by familiar tropes?

<p>Political alignment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the paper by Pym (2003)?

<p>Localization as a form of translation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does the research by Qin & Zhang (2018) emphasize in their examination of news translation?

<p>The narrative framing used for target audiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Valdeón's 2016 work discuss regarding news translation?

<p>The construction of national identities through translation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of political discourse analysis, what does Schäffner (2004) specifically investigate?

<p>The role of translators in political contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central theme of Richardson's (2007) analysis?

<p>Critical discourse analysis and its methodologies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Salvini Effect' refer to in The Economist article?

<p>The influence of Salvini's persona on European politics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research focuses on the stylistic aspects of online news?

<p>Riggs (2020) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant theme is explored in van Doorslaer's 2012 paper?

<p>The representation of news in TV broadcasts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cultural Translation

The process of conveying cultural meaning through translation, aiming to bridge cultural differences.

News Discourse

News reports and stories constructed from different perspectives, sometimes influenced by specific ideologies.

Multimodal Representations

Combining different modes of communication like text, images, and video in news reporting, to craft a particular meaning or interpretation.

Synecdoche

A figure of speech where a part represents the whole; in this case, a person represents a whole culture.

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Anglophone News Brands

News outlets that utilize the English language.

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Matteo Salvini

Controversial Italian politician, subject of news discourse analysis.

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Ideological Positioning

A specific stance or belief that shapes a person's perspective regarding a topic.

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Journalistic Translation

The process of transforming information for news reports, taking cultural differences into account.

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Cultural Translation (News)

The process where journalists translate and adapt news from one culture to another, potentially creating or reinforcing cultural stereotypes.

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Multimodal News

News presented using multiple mediums like images, videos, and links, forming a complex message.

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News Framing

The way news is presented, highlighting certain aspects and downplaying others to create a specific meaning.

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Paratextual Frames (News)

The surrounding elements of news, like images and hyperlinks, that shape its meaning.

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Ideological Use of Translation

Using translation to promote a specific viewpoint or agenda.

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Political Communication (Social Media)

The use of social media for political messaging.

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Intercultural Mediators (News)

Journalists who act as bridges between different cultures in news reporting.

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Imagological Practices

Methods that reinforce stereotypes in media, especially news.

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Consonance (News)

How much a news story matches existing stereotypes.

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Multimodality in Translation

Challenges in translation that involve multiple communication modes.

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Anti-intellectualism

A hostility towards intellectual pursuits, often seen in political movements that reject knowledge and critical thinking.

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Authoritarian Tendencies

Behaviors that concentrate power in a single figure or small group, often suppressing dissent and individual rights.

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Pushback

Resistance or criticism against a particular action or policy.

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Repatriation

The act of returning refugees or asylum seekers to their home country or another safe country.

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Ideology in Translation

The way cultural biases and perspectives influence the process of translating information, potentially shaping how it's understood.

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News Discourse Analysis

Examining how news stories construct narratives, often reflecting the values and biases of the source.

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Semantic Shifts

Changes in word meaning over time, often impacted by social and cultural changes.

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Imagology

The study of how cultures are represented in media and literature, often shaping perceptions and stereotypes.

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Populist Parties

Political groups that often appeal to popular sentiment, emphasizing nationalism and opposition to elites.

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Social Media (Political)

Using platforms like Twitter and Facebook to spread political messages and connect with voters.

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Multimodal Analysis

Examining how different forms of communication (text, images, video) interact to create meaning.

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News Translation (Cultural)

Adapting news stories for different cultures, potentially reinforcing stereotypes in the process.

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Self-Framing (News)

How news outlets present themselves and their nation to the world, potentially influencing perceptions.

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Far-Right Leader

A political figure who advocates for conservative, nationalist, and often anti-immigrant policies, typically challenging mainstream political norms.

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Visual Propaganda

Using imagery or visuals to convey a specific message, often with the intention of influencing public opinion or promoting a political agenda.

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Messianic Pose

A visual representation of a leader in a posture that evokes religious imagery, implying divine inspiration or special authority.

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Hedging Devices

Words or phrases used in writing to express uncertainty or possibility, often used to present a point of view less directly.

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Translingual Quotations

Using quotes from social media or other sources in a language different from the main text, often translated for the audience.

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Indirect Quotes

Paraphrasing someone's words without directly citing them, often used to convey a point of view without attribution.

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Political Persona

The public image or personality of a political figure, often constructed through communication strategies and media representations.

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Caravaggesque Lighting

A dramatic lighting technique that uses strong contrasts between light and shadow, creating a dramatic and powerful visual effect.

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Study Notes

Salvini, Stereotypes, and Cultural Translation

  • This paper analyzes the semiotic affordances of anglophone (primarily British and US) news brands in their portrayal of Italian politician Matteo Salvini.
  • The study uses multimodal critical discourse analysis, focusing on cultural translation within news discourse.
  • The research examines the interaction of image and text in the portrayal of Salvini, particularly analyzing how Salvini is presented as a synecdoche of Italian identity.
  • The analysis investigates the role cultural translation plays in constructing Salvini's image.
  • The study posits that while news producers might share some ideological viewpoints with Salvini, the use of conventional Italian stereotypes often overrides these viewpoints.
  • Anglophone news brands have taken a critical stance toward Italian political leaders, particularly during Berlusconi's time in office.
  • The 2018 Italian general election led to a period of increased international scrutiny of Italian politics, most notably the rise of Salvini in popularity in the UK and US media, which this study examines.
  • The methodological framework combines journalistic translation studies, news discourse analysis, and multimodal critical discourse analysis.

Cultural Translation in News Contexts

  • Cultural translation in news contexts is a complex process where journalists become intercultural mediators who reformulate foreign discursive events for a target audience, often perpetuating national stereotypes.
  • Images, videos, and hyperlinks are crucial paratextual elements influencing news interpretation and public opinion.
  • Conscious or subconscious adoption of stereotypical imagery and framing in news plays a role in shaping public understanding of other cultures.

Multimodality in Digital News

  • The study highlights the growing importance of multimodal elements (images, videos, hyperlinks, readers' comments) in constructing news narratives online.
  • The "shift" of news story structure, and the increasing dominance of visual elements in online news narratives is analyzed.
  • News outlets often create their own multimodal interpretations of events using a visual language that supports the verbal description of the news story.

Politicians in Translation

  • News narratives often center on what prominent individuals say rather than focusing on events.
  • Foreign news reporting frequently includes quotes from foreign politicians, often without clearly indicating that these quotes have been translated, leading to potentially misleading or culturally skewed interpretations.
  • Translated news reports can invisibly manipulate political discourse by using imagery, highlighting words, and omitting nuance, which is crucial to accurately representing the political narrative of a foreign politician.

Social Media and Framing

  • Social media, especially Twitter, has significantly changed how politicians communicate and how news is delivered.
  • The study specifically examines how politicians on social media affect news reports about them in foreign countries.
  • It discusses news sources using specific phrases, stereotypes, or cultural cues to contextualize their news reports.

Research Design

  • The research selected prominent anglophone news providers to analyze news representations of Salvini.
  • It focused on online news from news providers with relatively neutral to center-right political leanings to identify any possible underlying bias.
  • The time frame analyzed was from the 2018 Italian general election to March 2019, focusing on events that sparked significant global news discussion.
  • News database searches were supplemented by manual searches on individual news website sources for relevant multimodal materials.

Little Mussolinis

  • The emergence of the term 'little Mussolini' when discussing Salvini, and its links to historical dictators, serves as a framing device, highlighting Salvini's perceived threat to democratic values.
  • The use of Mussolini's (image/representation) in news stories draws comparisons to historically problematic leaders, adding a significant layer of meaning.

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