Jose Rizal: Japan and United States

• Study notes about Jose Rizal

Japan

• Emperor Meiji reigned when Rizal arrived
• Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation, visited Rizal in Tokyo
• Seiko Usui or O-Sei-San was Rizal's girlfriend in Japan
• Kabuki is a Japanese play

Observations in Japan

• Japanese people were courteous and industrious
• Houses were kept clean, with few beggars
• Observed that the Japanese were godless
• Rizal disliked rickshaws because they degrade human dignity
• Tetcho Suehiro, a Japanese freedom fighter, mentioned Rizal in "Dead Traveler" and "Storm Over the Southern Sea," which is similar to "Noli Me Tangere."
• Rizal continued his fight for the country after leaving Japan

United States

• Rizal traveled to the US after Japan
• July 4, 1776, is US Independence Day from the British
• Rizal arrived in San Francisco via the Steamer Belgic

Chinese in America

• Americans hired Chinese workers because their labor was cheaper
• The Statue of Liberty is located in New York, constructed in 1875 as a gift from France
• Grover Cleveland was the US president when Rizal arrived
• Abraham Lincoln was the US president when Rizal was born in 1861

Observations in the US

• Racial discrimination existed
• Material progress and the beauty of the land were apparent
• Noted better opportunities for immigrants
• High standard of living was observed
• Drive and energy of Americans was also apparent

London

• Rizal manipulated a yoyo as a weapon

Bad News from Home

• Persecution of Filipino patriots who signed the "Anti-Friar Petition of 1888"
• Persecution of Calamba tenants occurred
• Senators Salamanca and Vida, along with Wenceslao Retana, launched furious attacks on Rizal
• Rizal's brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, husband of Saturnina, was exiled to Bohol
• Laureano Viado, a friend of Rizal, was arrested for possessing a copy of "Noli Me Tangere"
• Dr. Reinhold Rost, librarian at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in London, recommended Rizal to the British Museum Authorities
• Antonio De Morga's book "Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands)," published in Mexico in 1609, was annotated by Rizal

La Solidaridad

• La Solidaridad was founded in February 1889 as a patriotic newspaper
• Graciano Lopez Jaena was the first editor-in-chief, later replaced by Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar requested Rizal to write a letter to the young women of Malolos
• Jack the Ripper was active in Whitechapel, London

Statues Rizal Made in London

• Prometheus Bound
• The Triumph of Death over Life
• The Triumph of Science over Death
• The Beckett Sisters

Other People

• Gertrude Becket (Tottie/Gettie) was Rizal's lover in London

Exposition in Paris

• Kidlat Club was purely a society club for the exposition
• Indios Bravos were inspired by the American Indians
• RDLM Society was an unknown society
• Por Telefono was a satire against Fr. Salvador Font
• The Indolence of the Filipino discussed the laziness of Rizal's countrymen
• Nellie Boustead was his lover in Belgium

Conflict with the Churches

• Nellie's mother wanted Rizal to convert to Protestantism
• "El Filibusterismo" was published in Ghent, Belgium (1891) and was dedicated to the GOMBURZA
• "MAKAMISA" was supposed to be his third novel

El Filibusterismo Plot

• Captain Tiago financed Basilio's education
• Simoun's plan to murder high officials was ruined by Isagani's interference

Misfortunes in Madrid

• Jose Ma. Basa, a coworker of Rizal in the propaganda movement, died in Spain
• Rizal challenged Wenceslao to a duel in the anti-Filipino newspaper La Epoca because the Rizal family didn't pay rent
• Rizal aborted a duel with Antonio Luna because of Nellie Boustead
• Rizal's family was ejected in Calamba, leading to the exile of Manuel Hidalgo and Paciano
• Leonor Rivera married Henry Kipping, builder of the Manila-Dagupan railway System

Conflict with Del Pilar

• Conflict involved the management of the Filipino propaganda movement La Solidaridad
• Rizal won the election but rejected leadership
• Valentin Ventura saved El Filibusterismo

Noli Me Tangere vs El Filibusterismo

• Noli is a romantic novel, while El Fili is a political novel
• Noli has freshness, lightness, humor, and wit, while El Fili contains sorrow, bitterness, and revenge
• Noli has 64 chapters, and El Fili has 38 chapters

Second Sojourn in HK

• Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong after the publication of El Filibusterismo due to conflict with Marcelo Del Pilar and to be near his family in the Philippines
• Jose Ma. Basa welcomed Rizal in Hong Kong
• He resided at No. 5 D' Aguilar Street and No. 2 Redxanola Street, where he also had his clinic

Governor General Valeriano Weyler

• He was also known as the "butcher" by the Cubans
• Rizal convinced the establishment of a Filipino colony in North Borneo
• The Borneo Colonization Project aimed to carve out a "New Calamba" in the rich, British-owned island

Governor Eulogio Despujol

• He was the new governor, rejected Rizal's request due to lacking laborers and unpatriotic motivations of cultivating foreign soil

Rizal's Writing in Hong Kong

• Rights of Man (Tagalog Version From French)
• A la Nacion Espanola
• Sa Mga Kababayan

Rizal's Decision to go Home

• To confer with General Despujol regarding the Borneo Colonization Project
• To establish the La Liga Filipina
• To prove that Eduardo De Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid

Second Home Coming and Exile to Dapitan

• Doroteo Ongjunco's house held the founding of La Liga Filipina in 1892

Aims of La Liga Filipina

• Unite the whole archipelago into one society with equality for Filipinos and Spaniards
• Provide mutual protection in every need
• Defend against all violence and injustice
• Encourage instruction, agriculture, and commerce
• Study and apply reforms

Rizal's Arrest and Exile

• La Liga Filipina was founded on July 3, 1892
• Rizal was arrested on July 7, 1892, three days after its establishment, due to incriminating evidence, with Governor General Eulogio Despujol ordering the exile

Rizal's Activities in Dapitan

• Established a clinic and served the people
• Engaged in agriculture, poultry, and fishing
• Had a school for boys
• Built a water system for Dapitan
• Engaged in science
• Wrote poems
• Experienced love

Josephine Bracken

• Josephine Bracken was Rizal's wife in Dapitan, with Mr. Taufer being her alleged lover
• Rizal won the lottery and bought land in Dapitan
• Rizal and Bracken had a baby but suffered a miscarriage

Reason for Marriage Issue

• The Church refused to marry them unless Rizal converted back to the Catholic faith
• Rizal's family did not approve of his relationship with Josephine

Rizal and Katipunan

• Katipunan was a secret organization aiming to revolt against Spain, attempted to convince Rizal to join them
• The roles within where based on the following passwords
• Katipon class - Anak ng Bayan
• Kawal - GOMBURZA
• Bayani - Rizal

Katipunan Promotion

• A Katipon could become a Kawal by bringing several members into the society
• A Kawal could become a Bayani upon being elected as an officer of the society

Katipunan Objectives

• Political: Work for the separation of the Philippines from Spain
• Moral: Teach good manners, hygiene, good morals, and attack religious fanaticism and weakness of character
• Civic: Promote self-help and defend the poor and oppressed
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela was Katipunan's emissary to Dr. Rizal in Dapitan
• Katipunan attempted to rescue Dr. Jose Rizal in Dapitan and Rizal advised them to get support from the wealthy and seek help from Antonio Luna