60 Questions
What occurs when the running process terminates and moves to a waiting state?
Swapping
In process scheduling, what does the ready queue keep?
All processes in the system
What type of scheduler allocates resources to a process for a fixed amount of time?
Short-term scheduler
Which queue maintains all the processes in the system?
Job queue
When CPU gives priority to other processes and replaces the running process, what type of switching occurs?
Preemptive switching
What is the primary objective of the job scheduler?
To provide a balanced mix of jobs
Which scheduler is responsible for changing the process state from ready to running?
Short-term scheduler
What happens to a running process if it makes an I/O request?
It becomes suspended
How does swapping impact the degree of multiprogramming?
Reduces the degree of multiprogramming
Which scheduler is responsible for selecting the process to execute next?
Short-term scheduler
What is the main task of a Long-Term Scheduler?
Selecting which jobs to submit into the system
What is the role of a Short-Term Scheduler?
Selecting processes from the queue
Which type of scheduler is responsible for deciding which programs are admitted to the system for processing?
Long-Term Scheduler
What is the primary function of a Medium-Term Scheduler?
Transferring processes between disk and memory
In the context of process scheduling, what does 'swapping' refer to?
Transferring processes between disk and memory
Which scheduler is responsible for swapping processes in and out of memory?
Medium-Term Scheduler
Which scheduler has the fastest speed among all?
Short-Term Scheduler
Which scheduler mainly controls the degree of multiprogramming?
Long-Term Scheduler
Which statement best describes the presence of the Medium-Term Scheduler in time-sharing systems?
It is almost absent or minimal.
What is the primary function of the Long-Term Scheduler?
Select processes from a pool and load them into memory for execution.
What is the primary responsibility of an operating system in connection with disk management?
Storage allocation
Which mechanism is primarily responsible for controlling access to computer resources based on proper authorization from the operating system?
Security management
What is the main function of a command interpreter in an operating system?
Human interaction
In the context of operating system services, what environment does an OS provide for programs to execute?
Convenient programming environment
What aspect of computer system management ensures that resources like files and memory segments are accessed only by authorized processes?
Security management
What is the role of an operating system in error detection?
Handle errors to prevent system crashes
How does an operating system contribute to resource allocation?
Ensure fair distribution of resources among processes
What is the primary purpose of protection mechanisms implemented by an operating system?
To limit user access to specific resources
How does an operating system contribute to communication among processes?
Provides a mechanism for processes to share data and information
What is the significance of file system manipulation in an operating system?
To ensure efficient storage and retrieval of data
What is one of the tasks of I/O Device Management component?
Hide the details of hardware devices
Which activity is NOT the responsibility of the operating system in file management?
Network configuration and setup
What is the primary function of Network Management in a computer network?
Managing and administering a computer network
Which statement best describes file management in an operating system?
Files can be of any type like alphabetic, numeric, and alphanumeric
What does the operating system do in connection with file backup?
Backup files on stable (nonvolatile) storage media
What is the primary function of an Operating System with respect to error handling?
Providing a mechanism for identifying and rectifying errors during program execution
How does the Operating System typically handle resource allocation?
By providing a fair and efficient mechanism for allocating resources to processes
In the context of protection, what does 'providing a mechanism for process synchronization' mean?
Allowing processes to access shared resources concurrently without conflict
What is one of the key roles of an Operating System in communication between user and device drivers?
Hiding hardware specifics from users and managing communication with drivers
When it comes to I/O operations, what does 'I/O operation' refer to?
Read or write operations with file systems or specific I/O devices
What is the primary goal of file management in an operating system?
To map files onto secondary storage
In the context of network management, what does 'network health' primarily refer to?
Efficient communication between different computers
What is the significance of providing custom drivers for each device in I/O Device Management?
It helps in handling errors related to hardware devices
Which activity is NOT a responsibility of the operating system in file management?
Mapping files onto secondary storage
What is the primary role of the operating system in protection mechanisms?
Ensuring that resources are accessed by authorized processes only
What is a primary function of an operating system in relation to error detection?
Providing a mechanism for deadlock handling
In the context of resource management, what is the significance of protection mechanisms implemented by an operating system?
Controlling access to computer resources
Which activity is NOT a responsibility of the operating system in service management?
Process synchronization
What is the primary role of the Long-Term Scheduler in resource allocation?
Determining which programs are admitted to the system for processing
In protection mechanisms, what is the significance of providing a mechanism for process communication?
Enabling controlled information exchange between processes
What is the primary role of an operating system in error detection?
Identifying errors and taking corrective actions to maintain system stability
Which of the following best describes the function of an operating system in resource allocation?
Allocating resources based on process priority and system needs
In the context of protection mechanisms, what is the purpose of 'resource allocation'?
Preventing unauthorized access to system resources
What is one of the key responsibilities of an operating system in ensuring protection?
Protecting system resources from unauthorized access
When it comes to file system manipulation, what does 'handling program's execution' mean for the operating system?
Managing and controlling the execution of programs to maintain system stability
What is the main purpose of the operating system in connection with error handling?
To detect, report, and handle errors that occur during the execution of programs
In terms of resource management, what does the operating system primarily ensure?
Enforcing access control to resources based on proper authorization
What is the key role of the operating system in relation to protection mechanisms?
Controlling access to computer resources based on proper authorization
Regarding services provided by the operating system, what does it offer users?
A convenient environment for program execution
When it comes to error detection and handling, what is the primary task assigned to the operating system?
Detecting and addressing errors that occur during program execution
Study Notes
Process Scheduling
- The switching of resources occurs when the running process terminates and moves to a waiting state.
- There are two types of process scheduling: Non-Preemptive and Preemptive.
- In Preemptive scheduling, the OS allocates resources to a process for a fixed amount of time, and the process switches from running state to ready state or from waiting state to ready state.
Process Scheduling Queues
- The OS maintains separate queues for each of the process states.
- Process Control Blocks (PCBs) of all processes in the same execution state are placed in the same queue.
- When the state of a process is changed, its PCB is unlinked from its current queue and moved to its new state queue.
- There are three main queues: Job queue, Ready queue, and Device queue.
Comparison of Schedulers
- Long-Term Scheduler (Job Scheduler): selects processes from the pool and loads them into memory for execution, controls the degree of multiprogramming, and is minimal in time-sharing systems.
- Short-Term Scheduler (CPU Scheduler): selects processes that are ready to execute, allocates CPU to one of them, and is faster than Long-Term Scheduler.
- Medium-Term Scheduler (Process Swapping Scheduler): reduces the degree of multiprogramming, is a part of time-sharing systems, and is responsible for handling swapped out processes.
Operations on Processes
- Process Creation: creates processes in the system, triggered by user requests, system initialization, process creation system calls, or batch job initialization.
- Process Termination: occurs when a process completes its execution or is terminated by the OS.
- Process Preemption: occurs when the OS suspends a process temporarily and resumes another process.
- Process Blocking: occurs when a process is suspended until the required resources are available.
Process States
- Two-State Process Model: Running and Non-Running states.
- Running: a new process is created and enters into the system as in the running state.
- Non-Running: processes that are not running are kept in a queue, waiting for their turn to execute.
Schedulers
- Schedulers are special system software that handle process scheduling in various ways.
- There are three types of schedulers: Long-Term Scheduler, Short-Term Scheduler, and Medium-Term Scheduler.
- Their main task is to select the jobs to be submitted into the system and decide which process to run.
Operating System Services
- Program Execution: loads a program into memory, executes the program, and handles program's execution.
- I/O Operation: manages the communication between user and device drivers, and provides access to the required I/O device.
- File System Manipulation: provides a mechanism for file management, including file creation, deletion, and manipulation.
- Communication: provides a mechanism for process communication.
- Error Detection: provides a mechanism for error detection.
- Resource Allocation: provides a mechanism for resource allocation.
- Protection: provides a mechanism for protection.
- Command Interpreter System: provides a convenient programming environment to the users.
Test your knowledge on job scheduling and CPU scheduling, including the objectives of job scheduler and short term scheduler in operating systems. Learn about balancing job types and controlling multiprogramming degrees.
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