Electric cars
181 Questions
0 Views

Electric cars

Created by
@UnaffectedElbaite

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the term 'revolution' refer to in the context of the electric car revolution?

  • A temporary trend in automotive design
  • A minor change in vehicle technology
  • An increase in gas-powered vehicle sales
  • A significant change in how people do things (correct)

    • What does 'realistic' mean in the discussion about the electric car revolution?

  • Merely hopeful
  • Unlikely to happen
  • An unrealistic dream
  • Plausible or likely to happen (correct)

    • How is the term 'optimistic' characterized in the context of the article?

  • Often too hopeful or unrealistic (correct)
  • Indifferent to outcomes
  • A practical approach to challenges
  • Always a positive outlook

    • Why is 'optimistic' considered negative in this context?

    <p>It is perceived as overly hopeful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'manufacturer' in the context discussed?

    <p>A company that produces a product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker suggest about the electric car revolution?

    <p>There are challenges to its realization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase could indicate being overly hopeful about the future?

    <p>Living on Mars in 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might the addition of a prefix like 'overly' change the meaning of a word?

    <p>It intensifies the word's original meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean that governments are 'throwing money and resources' into the development of electric vehicles?

    <p>They are investing freely in development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'internal combustion engine'?

    <p>A type of engine used in gas-powered vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the expression 'don't throw your money away' advise against?

    <p>Spending money frivolously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'have arrived' indicate about electric vehicles?

    <p>They are presently available on the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'following along behind' refer to in terms of car manufacturers?

    <p>Manufacturers are duplicating each other's changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the word 'yet' used in the context of electric vehicles in developed versus less developed countries?

    <p>To express a contrast between the two situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when electric vehicles account for less than 0.01% of the total number of cars in South Africa?

    <p>Gas-powered vehicles dominate the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might someone use the phrase 'rather different'?

    <p>To emphasize a significant difference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker imply about the future of electric vehicles?

    <p>There is uncertainty regarding their complete replacement of gas vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the growing presence of electric vehicle charging stations in parking lots?

    <p>Electric vehicles are becoming more common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker mean by describing electric vehicles as a common sight on the roads?

    <p>Their visibility on roads has significantly increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Finally Fluent Academy mentioned in the content?

    <p>To assist in improving listening skills and vocabulary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a misconception about electric vehicles?

    <p>Electric vehicles run solely on gasoline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using the verb 'is' when referring to 'audience' in the context provided?

    <p>It indicates that the audience is treated as a singular collective noun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'investing in improving your English skills' imply?

    <p>You are dedicating time and effort towards skill enhancement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tax exemption' mean in the context of government promotion?

    <p>Not being obliged to pay certain taxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does being 'on track' to achieve a goal imply?

    <p>You are making progress towards the goal at the expected rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word 'fleet' refer to in the context provided?

    <p>A collection of vehicles controlled by an organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception related to the spelling of Colombia?

    <p>Columbia is spelled with a 'U' and is correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'accounted for 50%' imply about the Spanish speakers in the audience?

    <p>They represent half of the total audience size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'incentive' refer to in the context of purchasing electric vehicles?

    <p>A financial or other benefit encouraging certain actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'yet' in the statement given?

    <p>It means 'until now.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted by mentioning 'particularly Colombia'?

    <p>Colombia is noted for its significant electric vehicle fleet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'exempt from' mean in the provided context?

    <p>Having the freedom from paying specific taxes or obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of electric vehicles is mentioned as increasing nearly worldwide?

    <p>The market share of electric vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by stating 'no electric cars are yet manufactured locally' in Russia?

    <p>Imported vehicles are still the only option available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to phase out something?

    <p>To gradually reduce its usage over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the goal of phasing out gas driven vehicles in 30 years be considered ambitious?

    <p>Electric vehicle technology still faces challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the use of the word 'unfortunately' in the discussion?

    <p>Some individuals are against switching to electric vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion does the article suggest about electric vehicles as a sustainable solution?

    <p>They might not fully replace gas vehicles by the second half of the century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is noted for having made the least progress towards electric vehicles?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'getting the green light' mean in the context of the discussion?

    <p>Receiving approval for a project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the article imply about the electric vehicle market in developed versus less developed countries?

    <p>Most developed countries have a higher adoption rate of electric vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is highlighted regarding electric vehicle production in Russia?

    <p>Electric vehicles are primarily imported, not manufactured locally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country began the transition to electric vehicles in South America?

    <p>Colombia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sentiment expressed regarding the transition to electric vehicles?

    <p>There are mixed feelings about the change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What incentives is the Indian government promoting to increase electric vehicle adoption?

    <p>Tax exemptions and other incentives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are people encouraged to contribute to the discussion about electric vehicles?

    <p>By commenting in the comments section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the article indicate about the future of gas powered vehicles?

    <p>They will gradually be replaced by electric vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern regarding electric vehicles as a sustainable long-term solution?

    <p>The environmental impact of electric vehicle production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to 'get the green light' from someone?

    <p>To obtain approval or permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct usage of the phrase involving 'green light'?

    <p>She received the green light to start her project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When companies are said to have been 'given the green light', what does that imply?

    <p>They have been granted approval to proceed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the verb 'mark' signify in the context provided?

    <p>To represent or indicate something significant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can 'to usher in' be best described?

    <p>To welcome or signal the beginning of something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly identifies the meaning of the word 'charge' as used in the context?

    <p>To demand payment for a service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it imply when a company has been 'offering free rides'?

    <p>They are allowing customers to travel without charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for driverless car services to be 'slow to live up to the promises'?

    <p>They have not fulfilled their promises as expected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the expression 'the green light from regulators' be simplified?

    <p>The regulators granted approval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are technology glitches?

    <p>Problems or errors in technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the use of 'despite objections' in the context provided?

    <p>Approval was given without consideration of any objections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'bogged down' imply in the context of driverless car services?

    <p>They are delayed due to issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when a decision is said to 'usher in a new era'?

    <p>The decision signifies the beginning of an important change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'have been given' signify in a grammatical context?

    <p>A completed past action with present relevance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a high profile accident?

    <p>An accident that receives significant public attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly illustrates the relationship between 'green light' and approval?

    <p>Green light represents a legal authorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does postponing a vote mean?

    <p>Delaying the vote to a later date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'charging for rides' allow companies to do?

    <p>Require passengers to pay for transportation services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if the cars 'abruptly shut down'?

    <p>They stop working suddenly and unexpectedly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concerns did critics raise regarding the robocars?

    <p>They pointed out safety records and traffic incidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the idiomatic use of 'give the green light'?

    <p>To allow someone to move forward with a plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does living up to promises mean?

    <p>To fulfill a commitment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the delay in expanding driverless car services?

    <p>Issues related to safety and technology glitches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'testimony' refer to in this context?

    <p>Opinions and thoughts of the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the California Public Utilities Commission vote on the expansion proposal?

    <p>Split vote in favor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by saying the data on safety records is 'limited'?

    <p>There is insufficient information to draw conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome of the testimonies heard by the board?

    <p>They will consider both supporters and critics before making a decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'give the green light' imply?

    <p>To approve something for proceeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the vote by the California Public Utilities Commission regarding the expansion of robotaxi services?

    <p>The vote passed with a majority of 3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concerns did critics raise about the robotaxi services during the hearings?

    <p>Safety records and traffic incidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'definitive evidence' imply in the context of the study on Mars?

    <p>Evidence that is firm and final</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rover was responsible for collecting data on organic matter on Mars?

    <p>Curiosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is 'curiosity' capitalized when referring to the Mars rover?

    <p>It is the name of the rover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carbon-based compounds considered essential for, according to the content?

    <p>Life as scientists understand it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase did the regulators use to describe the earlier testing of driverless cars?

    <p>Slow to live up to promises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did analysts suggest might result from the approval of robotaxi services?

    <p>A new era for driverless car services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence was found on Mars that suggests the possibility of life?

    <p>Organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the red color of Mars commonly refer to?

    <p>Mars being known as the Red Planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did supporters and critics provide during the meeting held by the California Public Utilities Commission?

    <p>Testimonies for over six hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to proper nouns, how should the word 'Science' be treated?

    <p>Capitalize when referring to the journal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the commissioners acknowledge the limitations in data regarding autonomous vehicle safety?

    <p>By admitting it was limited in comparison to regular cars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of robotaxis did the public express concerns about during hearings?

    <p>Their interactions with emergency responders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym NASA stand for?

    <p>National Aeronautics and Space Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery about Mars was made by NASA's Curiosity Rover?

    <p>Definitive evidence of organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential ingredients for life were confirmed to be present on Mars?

    <p>Organic molecules and carbon-based compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of methane on Mars suggest?

    <p>Something is replenishing the methane supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do scientists consider the discovery of organic molecules on Mars significant?

    <p>It opens up possibilities for future life-supporting discoveries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the harsh surface conditions on Mars thought to affect?

    <p>The preservation of organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discovery did the Curiosity Rover make regarding the air on Mars?

    <p>It contains methane, a basic organic molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a major challenge for findings on Mars?

    <p>The ongoing mysteries of methane sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What upcoming mission will the European Space Agency conduct?

    <p>Land a probe that drills into Martian soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long ago did Mars potentially contain water?

    <p>Over 3 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of methane found on Mars?

    <p>It survives for a few hundred years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is the term 'endless' used in relation to life on Mars?

    <p>To emphasize ongoing public interest in Mars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the studies related to the search for extraterrestrial life?

    <p>Astrobiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible future implications of the discoveries made by the Curiosity Rover?

    <p>More insights into the potential habitability of Mars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when something is said to be replenished?

    <p>To fill it up again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the verb 'emit' specifically refer to?

    <p>To produce or send out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does NASA suspect that methane on Mars comes from deep under the surface?

    <p>Due to changes in surface temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to methane gas in winter on Mars according to the theory?

    <p>It gets trapped in underground icy crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'complete mystery' imply about the source of methane on Mars?

    <p>The origin is completely unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'habitable' when discussing Mars?

    <p>Suitable for living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the phrase 'on the contrary' regarding Mars?

    <p>Mars shows signs of activity and potential life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does more precision mean in the context of Martian research?

    <p>More accuracy in measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mission is the European Space Agency’s ExoMars ship designed for?

    <p>To drill into the ground and analyze soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the methane emissions from Mars described as rising and falling?

    <p>Due to seasonal changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a milestone in the context of scientific study?

    <p>An important historical event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of sending new equipment to Mars?

    <p>To enhance measurement accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Martian' mean?

    <p>Pertaining to Mars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'extract' mean in the context of the organic molecules found on Mars?

    <p>To remove or take out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do scientists speculate about the preservation of organic molecules in the rocks?

    <p>They lack sufficient evidence to be certain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'harsh' describe in the context provided?

    <p>The type of radiation present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'not sufficient' imply regarding the evidence of ancient life on Mars?

    <p>There isn't enough evidence to support the claim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the word 'astonishing' utilized in the context of these discoveries?

    <p>To highlight the surprising nature of the findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information does a 'revelation' provide?

    <p>Previously unknown or secret facts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'startling' imply about the findings made by the Curiosity rover?

    <p>The findings were surprising, often in a concerning way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'periodically' mean in the context of rover analysis?

    <p>Occasionally or at intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is methane considered significant in the context of organic molecules on Mars?

    <p>It is one of the most basic organic molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the conditions on Mars related to the findings described?

    <p>There may still be processes replenishing certain organic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do scientists believe about the origin of the organic molecules found?

    <p>They may have formed from non-living processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In discussing the findings, what is meant by 'casting doubt'?

    <p>Suggesting that current evidence may not be conclusive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule was specifically identified as one of the most basic organic molecules on Mars?

    <p>Methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'speculate' indicate about a scientist's conclusion?

    <p>They are guessing based on incomplete information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'unassuming' imply about the neutrinos?

    <p>They do not attract much interest or attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding neutrinos?

    <p>They can travel faster than the speed of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What grammatical structure is being illustrated with 'able to penetrate'?

    <p>The construction requires a main verb before 'able to.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the act of 'penetrating' imply in this context?

    <p>Moving through or into an object unnoticed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner are the neutrinos described as moving through the underground corridor?

    <p>Hastily and without control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'promptly' mean in this context?

    <p>To arrive exactly at the scheduled time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is provided by phrases set between dashes?

    <p>Supplementary information that can be removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?

    <p>She is able to sing and dance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the phrase 'the unassuming particle is on its way to becoming a rock star of the scientific world,' what does 'rock star' metaphorically suggest?

    <p>A feature that is widely celebrated and recognized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might neutrinos not be regarded as important in science currently?

    <p>Their nature makes them difficult to observe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to 'hurtle' in the context of the neutrinos' movement?

    <p>To move with great speed and danger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'non-zero mass' imply about neutrinos?

    <p>They have a measurable, albeit small, mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should 'able to' be structured in a sentence?

    <p>With the verb 'to be' preceding it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discovery regarding neutrinos was made that challenges current physics concepts?

    <p>Neutrinos can travel faster than the speed of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of neutrinos traveling faster than light in the context of time travel?

    <p>It suggests that time travel could theoretically be feasible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is skepticism important concerning the neutrino experiment's findings?

    <p>Einstein's theory of relativity is well-established and has stood against numerous challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when neutrinos trigger something?

    <p>They initiate a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by leaving the exploration of neutrinos to future generations?

    <p>Current technology is insufficient for further exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the precise time difference that neutrinos achieved over the speed of light?

    <p>60 nanoseconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'unthinkable' imply about time travel?

    <p>It is a shocking concept that challenges imagination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the neutrinos' speed affect notions of established physics?

    <p>It prompted a reevaluation of physics principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the phrase 'the issue at stake'?

    <p>A matter of significant consideration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How fast is 60 nanoseconds compared to one second?

    <p>60 billionths of a second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What claim did scientists make following the neutrinos' speed findings?

    <p>That scenarios once thought impossible may need reconsideration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'accounted for' mean in this context?

    <p>Included a variable in calculations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains uncertain regarding the harnessing of neutrinos for practical use?

    <p>The feasibility of their application in technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the neutrino experiment ruled out external influences?

    <p>It accounted for a margin of error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'to reconsider' mean?

    <p>To think about something again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a margin of error?

    <p>An acceptable range of uncertainty in results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about the future of studies involving neutrinos?

    <p>They may lead to breakthroughs in energy production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'to rule something out'?

    <p>To exclude an option as impossible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of language, what does 'unthinkable' convey?

    <p>An incredibly hard concept to discuss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'the speed of light' symbolize in this discussion?

    <p>An incredibly fast and nearly incomprehensible speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the phrase 'consider again'?

    <p>To review a previous choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the concept of time travel being rethought?

    <p>It challenges existing scientific principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the terms 'learnt' and 'learned'?

    <p>They are variations based on British and American English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do scientists view the implications of faster-than-light travel?

    <p>It leads to new possibilities in physics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What option was ruled out as a method of supporting staff due to financial constraints?

    <p>Giving promotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'to no avail' indicate in the context provided?

    <p>Efforts were ineffective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'skeptical' refer to in the context of believing information?

    <p>Unsure about the trustworthiness of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'just around the corner' imply about the prospect of time travel?

    <p>It is imminent and will happen shortly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by clearing the hurdle in the context of time travel?

    <p>Eliminating the speed of light as a barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has Einstein's theory of relativity been treated by scientists?

    <p>It has been rigorously challenged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to harness something effectively?

    <p>To use it successfully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term 'realm of possibility' in the context of time travel?

    <p>An idea that becomes potentially achievable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'to harness the power of the sun' mean?

    <p>To effectively utilize solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hurdle' represent in the discussion about time travel?

    <p>A physical challenge that must be overcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if an idea is 'beyond the scope' of discussion?

    <p>It is not included in the current discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'the prospect has certainly been wrenched much closer' imply?

    <p>The idea of time travel is becoming more possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the discussion emphasizes skepticism towards the information presented?

    <p>The inclusion of doubts about the findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electric Car Revolution

    • The electric car revolution refers to the shift from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles.
    • The article questions whether this revolution is realistic or overly optimistic.
    • Realistic means the change is likely to occur.
    • Optimistic in this context means the change is too hopeful, and not truly likely.
    • Governments and car companies are investing heavily in the development of electric vehicles.
    • The article asks if electric power can replace the internal combustion engine before the middle of the century, suggesting uncertainty about the timeline.
    • Tesla and major car companies are leading the way in electric vehicle development.
    • Electric vehicles are now common in developed countries, but less common in developing nations.
    • South Africa is the only African country to have started transitioning to electric vehicles, with less than 0.01% of its vehicles currently electric.
    • In South America, Colombia is leading the way in electric vehicle adoption.
    • Russia's wealthy are investing in imported electric vehicles, but there is no local manufacturing.
    • India is promoting electric vehicles with tax incentives.
    • The global electric vehicle market share is increasing.
    • The article asks if the world is on track to phase out gas-powered vehicles in less than 30 years, questioning the timing.
    • Phasing out means gradually reducing the use of something until it is no longer used.
    • The article also questions the potential sustainability of electric vehicles in the long term, suggesting challenges remain.

    Robo Taxi Expansion

    • Robo taxis are autonomous vehicles or self-driving taxis.
    • The article discusses the expansion of robo taxi services in San Francisco.
    • The green light idiom represents approval or permission.
    • It is used appropriately in this context because vehicles use traffic lights.

    Idiom: To Get the Green Light

    • Means approval or permission to do something
    • Often omitted in newspaper headlines for brevity
    • Correct grammatical structure: "to be given the green light"

    The Green Light in the Robotaxi Expansion

    • Two robotaxi companies obtained approval to start charging for rides in San Francisco
    • Represents significant growth for companies, who previously faced limitations
    • Approval granted by regulators despite objections from police, fire officials, activists, and others
    • Analysts believe this decision marks the beginning of a new era for driverless car services

    Wimo & Driverless Car Services

    • Wimo, a robotaxi company, has been offering free rides in its driverless cars since last year
    • Wimo believes the decision grants them the green light to officially start operations
    • Driverless car services have been slow to fulfill the promises of revolutionizing transportation, which were made a decade ago
    • They have faced challenges, such as technological glitches, safety concerns, and high-profile accidents

    California Public Utilities Commission

    • Commission postponed its vote twice before hearing testimonies from supporters and critics
    • The board approved the expansion with a 3-1 vote
    • Critics raised safety concerns, claiming the cars often cause traffic incidents by abruptly shutting down

    Safety Considerations

    • Commissioners acknowledge that data comparing the safety of autonomous vehicles with regular cars is limited
    • Decision to approve the expansion was made despite the lack of comprehensive data on safety

    Organic Matter on Mars

    • A new study, published in the journal Science, provides conclusive evidence of organic matter on the surface of Mars
    • Data was collected by NASA's Curiosity rover
    • Organic molecules are essential for life as scientists understand it
    • The molecules were found in Gale Crater, a large area that may have been a watery lake over 3 billion years ago
    • The rover extracted the molecules from rocks
    • Rocks contain sulfur, which scientists believe protected the organic matter even in the harsh radiation on Mars's surface
    • Scientists are not certain about the exact role of sulfur, but they speculate it contributed to preserving the organic matter

    Terms

    • Definitive : Firm, final, or complete
    • Extract: To remove or take out something
    • Speculate: To guess about something based on limited information
    • Harsh: Severe or difficult
    • Abruptly: Sudden, without warning

    Harsh Radiation

    • Harsh is an adjective that modifies radiation, meaning unpleasant, unkind, cruel, or more severe than necessary.
    • The radiation on the surface of Mars is described as being "harsh," implying it is stronger than usual.

    Ancient Life on Mars

    • Scientists are cautious about concluding that the organic molecules found on Mars are evidence of ancient life.
    • The molecules could have been formed by non-living processes, so further research is needed.

    Astonishing Discoveries

    • The discovery of organic molecules on Mars is considered an "astonishing" discovery.
    • The word "astonishing" means surprising or amazing.

    Revelations

    • A "revelation" refers to a fact becoming known, either previously unknown or kept secret.
    • This discovery could lead to future revelations about Mars.

    Startling Find

    • Curiosity, the NASA rover, made another "startling" find a few years ago, which is not elaborated upon in the text.
    • "Startling" means surprising, but often in a worrisome way.

    Replenishing Methane

    • Methane, a key ingredient of natural gas, was found on Mars in 2014.
    • Methane only survives a few hundred years, suggesting something on Mars is replenishing it.
    • Replenishing means to refill or replenish, such as filling up a lake after a drought.

    Emitting Methane

    • Mars emits (produces or sends out) thousands of tons of methane at a time.
    • Methane levels fluctuate seasonally, almost as if the planet is breathing.

    Methane Source

    • NASA suspects the methane comes from deep under the surface of Mars.
    • The variations in temperature on the surface of Mars cause the methane to flow upwards at higher levels.
    • In winter, the methane could get trapped in underground icy crystals called clathrates.
    • These crystals melt in the summer, releasing the gas.
    • The source of the methane remains a "complete mystery", meaning it is a very great mystery.

    Milestones

    • The organic molecules and methane discoveries are both considered historical milestones in astrobiology.
    • A milestone is an important event in history or one's life.

    Habitable Mars

    • Mars is not a dead planet, but is quite active and may be becoming more habitable.
    • Habitable means suitable for living, with conditions appropriate for life.

    Future Research

    • Scientists need to send new equipment to Mars to measure the air and soil with more precision (accuracy).

    Missions Underway

    • The European Space Agency's ExoMars ship will land in 2020 and be able to drill into the Martian soil.
    • NASA is sending another Mars rover in 2020 to collect samples of Martian soil and return them to Earth.

    Proper Nouns and Acronyms

    • Words like Mars, Earth, NASA, and Curiosity are proper nouns and should always be capitalized.
    • Acronyms, like NASA, are also capitalized.

    Life on Mars

    • The possibility of life on Mars has fascinated humans for generations.
    • The search for life on Mars is the subject of countless science fiction novels and movies.
    • The current missions may soon reveal the answer to whether we are alone in the universe or if other life forms exist in our solar system.

    Time Travel

    • Time travel has moved away from science fiction and towards science.

    Neutrinos

    • Neutrinos are subatomic particles that can exceed the speed of light.
    • They are electrically neutral, small, but with a non-zero mass.

    Unassuming Particles

    • Neutrinos are "unassuming" particles, meaning they don't attract much attention or interest.
    • This may be because they are very small and not considered very important in science.

    Penetrating Particles

    • Neutrinos can penetrate the human form undetected, meaning they can go inside the body unseen and unnoticed.

    Rock Stars of Science

    • Neutrinos are becoming "rock stars" of the scientific world, suggesting they are gaining importance and attention.

    Dashes

    • Dashes are used in a sentence to separate additional information - this information is supplemental and can be removed without impacting the grammatical correctness of the sentence

    Neutrinos

    • Neutrinos are a subatomic particle
    • Neutrinos are small, electrically neutral and have a non-zero mass
    • Neutrinos can travel through the human form without being detected

    Neutrinos Traveling at Speed of Light

    • Researchers sent neutrinos hurtling through an underground corridoor
    • The neutrinos traveled 730 km
    • The neutrinos traveled faster than the speed of light
    • The neutrinos traveled faster than the speed of light at a consistent rate

    Measuring the Speed of Neutrinos

    • Researchers tested the speed of the neutrinos with a margin of error of 10 billionths of a second
    • The duration of the experiment was also accounted for
    • Researchers accounted for possible lunar effects and tidal bulges

    Einstein's Theory of Relativity

    • Einstein's relativity theory has been proven inaccurate by researchers.
    • Researchers have tried to prove that Einstein's theory is incorrect, with no success
    • Einstein's theory has been pushed harder than any other theory in the history of physical sciences.

    Time Travel

    • The speed of light was a major hurdle to time travel.
    • If particles can travel faster than the speed of light, then time travel is possible.
    • The prospect of time travel has been moved closer to possibility.
    • Harnessing time travel for use is beyond the scope of modern technology

    Promptly

    • Promptly means quickly without delay
    • It also means at the scheduled time
    • Example: The meeting will start promptly at 9

    Hurtling

    • Means to move very fast
    • It implies a dangerous movement
    • Example: The delivery driver hurtled up my driveway

    Triggered

    • Means to cause something to start
    • Example: Speaking in public triggers my anxiety

    Unthinkable

    • Means something is shocking or unlikely
    • Example: A world without language is unthinkable

    Reconsidered

    • Means to consider something again
    • Example: Can you reconsider my proposal again?

    At Stake

    • Means something is being considered
    • Example: The issue at stake is a tiny segment of time

    Nanoseconds

    • 1 nanosecond is one billionth of a second
    • 60 nanoseconds is 60 billionths of a second

    ####### Account For

    • It means to consider something
    • Example: They accounted for the margin of error

    Margin of Error

    • A margin of error is a range of values that accounts for the accuracy of data

    Rule Out

    • Means to exclude an option
    • Example: They ruled out promotions

    Lunar

    • Means related to the moon
    • Example: Lunar Effects, meaning the moon's effects

    Tidal

    • Means related to the tide
    • Example: Tidal Bulges, meaning bulges caused by the tide

    Skeptical

    • Means not sure if you believe something
    • Example: I am skeptical

    Nevertheless

    • A transition word used to introduce a contrasting point

    Prior

    • Means previous
    • Example: Do you have any prior experience?

    To no avail

    • Means not successful
    • Example: My boss said no - to no avail

    Just Around the Corner

    • Means happening soon
    • Example: My vacation is just around the corner

    Prospect

    • A possible future event
    • Example: The prospect of time travel is just around the corner

    Hurdle

    • An obstacle
    • Example: The speed of light is a hurdle to time travel

    Harnessed

    • Means to use something successfully
    • Example: They harnessed the power of the sun - using it successfully

    Beyond the Scope

    • Means not included in something
    • Example: The theory of relativity is beyond the scope of this lesson.

    Future Generations

    • The people that come after us
    • Example: Left to future generations to explore

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    null

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser