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Questions and Answers

What is demography primarily concerned with studying?

  • Population migration patterns
  • Population diets and nutrition
  • Population trends and changes (correct)
  • Population health and diseases
  • How often does a national census attempt to count the entire population?

  • Every 10 years (correct)
  • Every 5 years
  • Every year
  • Every 15 years
  • Which of the following is NOT a reason for governments to study population?

  • To increase tourism (correct)
  • To gather data for political boundaries
  • To assess national economic impact
  • To estimate future social needs
  • What was the approximate population growth rate from 1810 to 1910?

    <p>Doubled in 100 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception do demographers have regarding future population growth?

    <p>The population will definitely reach 14 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was often ignored in early censuses?

    <p>Women and children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can population trends have on economic investment?

    <p>Population composition influences decisions to invest in jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor determines how many legislative seats are allocated in democratic countries?

    <p>Population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Closure Theory primarily focus on in relation to social groups?

    <p>The exclusionary practices of social mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Human Capital Theory, how are higher earnings achieved?

    <p>By investing in personal skills and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of the mechanisms highlighted in Closure Theory?

    <p>Creation of barriers to valuable resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social capital differ from human capital in the context of Closure Theory?

    <p>Social capital emphasizes access to knowledge, skills, and abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome under Human Capital Theory is framed by individual choices?

    <p>Opportunities that arise from individual investments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Closure Theory and Human Capital Theory regarding inequality?

    <p>Closure Theory identifies social groups creating barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Closure Theory, what role do professions play?

    <p>They restrict access to membership and opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'allocation theory' focus on within the educational impacts?

    <p>Distribution of resources and rewards in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'replacement fertility'?

    <p>The average number of children needed to replace the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes population momentum?

    <p>A population that continues to change in size over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what years is the baby boom period recognized?

    <p>1946 to 1964</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the U.S. experience population growth despite low fertility rates?

    <p>Immigration and population momentum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an age pyramid used for?

    <p>To visualize age distribution within a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key implication of the baby boomer generation aging?

    <p>A shift in social security demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can it be hard to measure fertility rates accurately?

    <p>It takes time to see the effects until all have had children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country’s population has been noted for declining due to low fertility rates?

    <p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allowed children to be seen as a net benefit to parents in agrarian economies?

    <p>Children could assist with livestock and crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the epidemiological transition concept?

    <p>Change from infectious diseases to chronic diseases as primary health concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with the second demographic transition?

    <p>Decline in out-of-wedlock childbearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chronic diseases differ from infectious diseases?

    <p>Chronic diseases require lifestyle management but cannot be cured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant reason for the decline in mortality and the increase in life expectancy in poorer countries?

    <p>Improvements in healthcare access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following demographic trends offers a potential safety net for aging parents?

    <p>Increased fertility rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has a higher life expectancy due to factors such as healthcare and nutrition?

    <p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal changes are linked to the concept of the second demographic transition?

    <p>Greater acceptance of diverse family structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been attributed to the decline in wages and the rise in income inequality in the US?

    <p>Decrease in unionization rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do government regulations compare to unions in protecting workers?

    <p>They can achieve some of the same benefits as unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges do internal critics in the labor movement cite regarding American unions?

    <p>They are not aggressive enough in membership campaigns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between the labor conditions in the United States compared to many European countries?

    <p>The US has weaker unions and fewer government protections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one outcome of the declining unionization rates in America?

    <p>Less corporate income for workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is mentioned as having strong government regulations despite weak unions?

    <p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach have Sweden and Nordic countries taken regarding workplace regulations?

    <p>They have moved towards fewer workplace regulations with strong unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do critics in the labor movement believe larger unions should take?

    <p>Take a more aggressive stance in membership campaigns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has significantly reduced the need for bank tellers?

    <p>Advent of ATMs and online banking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occupations is growing due to changes in technology?

    <p>Financial analysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has been observed regarding job requirements in relation to technology advancement?

    <p>Higher education becomes more valuable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon has contributed to the decline of manufacturing jobs in the U.S.?

    <p>Globalization and offshoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the percentage of jobs in manufacturing changed from 1950 to today?

    <p>Decreased from 40% to 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the college wage premium?

    <p>Increased salaries for those with a college degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has helped hold down wages for remaining manufacturing jobs?

    <p>Threat of offshoring jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are individuals with less than a college degree facing challenges in the job market?

    <p>High level of job competition from college graduates</p> Signup and view all the answers

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