Untitled Quiz

The study of populations and population trends.

A social scientist who studies populations.

A count of the people living in a place.

To systematically count.

The rate at which a population is increasing or decreasing.

Population size influences political representation (e.g., seats in Congress).

The composition of a population impacts productivity and investment decisions in an area.

Global population has doubled at shorter intervals over time, and it's unlikely to double again in the future.

A theory that the education system limits job opportunities, creating scarcity and higher wages.

Theory emphasizing individual skills, education, and training as keys to productivity and earnings.

Social mechanisms restricting access to resources and opportunities by social groups.

Using qualifications (like degrees) to grant access to specific jobs or opportunities.

Theory explaining how education channels individuals into positions with differing opportunities.

Unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and rewards in society.

Value of social networks and group membership influencing access to resources.

Large-scale social factors like social groups and professions that limit opportunities.

A decrease in the number of births per woman in a population.

In traditional agricultural societies, children were valuable because they provided extra labor for farming and could care for aging parents.

As societies industrialized, children became less economically valuable since factory work required fewer hands and urban living was more expensive.

A theory explaining recent fertility declines due to changing social norms and values, including increasing divorce, premarital sex, cohabitation, and non-marital births.

The shift in a population from health problems primarily caused by infectious diseases to those primarily caused by chronic diseases.

Infectious diseases are caused by germs and can be cured, while chronic diseases are long-term conditions that may be controlled but not cured.

The average number of years a person is expected to live, often used to measure population health.

Factors like healthcare systems, nutrition, and smoking habits significantly influence life expectancy within a population.

The average number of children per woman needed for a population to remain stable. This rate is typically around 2.1 children per woman.

The tendency for a population to continue growing even after fertility rates have dropped below replacement level. This is due to a large number of young people in the population who will eventually have children.

A diagram that visually represents the age distribution of a population. It shows the number of people in each age group, separated by gender.

The U.S. continues to grow despite fertility rates being at or below replacement levels because of immigration and population momentum.

A period of significantly higher birth rates, often following a major event like World War II. The 'Baby Boom' refers to the period in the U.S. from 1946 to 1964.

As the generation born during the Baby Boom ages, they are entering old age, which has various implications for American society.

Both Japan and China have experienced population declines due to consistently low fertility rates.

Multiple factors influence population growth, including fertility rate (number of children per woman), mortality rate (death rate), migration (immigration and emigration).

A decrease in union membership has been linked to widening income inequality and lower wages for workers in the US.

Government rules can protect workers even in places with weak unions by setting minimum wages, work hours, and safety standards.

Strong unions and government regulations can work together to protect workers' rights and interests.

The US has weaker unions and fewer government protections for workers compared to many other developed countries, like Canada and European nations.

Canada has limited government regulation, like the US, but its unions are stronger, providing more worker protection.

Nordic countries are moving towards less government regulation, relying on strong unions and generous unemployment benefits to protect workers.

As unionization declines, a larger portion of corporate income goes to shareholders and owners, while workers receive a smaller share.

Factors like declining union membership and weak government regulations play a significant role in increasing income inequality.

Advances in technology can create new jobs requiring higher education while replacing those demanding middle and lower skill levels.

The higher earnings associated with holding a college degree, becoming more pronounced as technology replaces lower-skill jobs.

The decline of industrial or manufacturing jobs in developed countries, often due to globalization and automation.

The trend of manufacturing jobs moving to regions with lower wages and production costs, contributing to job losses in developed countries.

Globalization can lead to lower wages in manufacturing sectors due to competition from countries with cheaper labor.

College graduates are becoming scarcer relative to the needs of the economy, leading to higher salaries for them.

Automation, a form of technological advancement, can replace human labor in various tasks, affecting certain job sectors.

The job market is undergoing a transformation, requiring individuals to adapt to new skills and technologies for success.