Untitled Quiz

Biology is the study of life and living organisms.
The term Biology comes from the Greek words "bios", meaning life, and "logos", meaning study.
The study of biology encompasses the form, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and classification of living organisms.

Unicellular organisms: Composed of a single cell.
- Examples include: Bacteria, Paramecium, Amoeba, and Euglena.
Multicellular organisms: The body is composed of more than one cell.
- Examples include: Humans, animals, and plants.

Living organisms require an external source of nutrients.
Food provides nutrients that are used for two purposes:
- Building blocks of the body.
- Providing energy for life processes.

Make their own organic food from inorganic materials.
They use a source of energy to convert inorganic materials into food.
Examples: Plants and algae.
Autotrophs possess chlorophyll, the pigment that allows them to carry out photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy & chlorophyll → C6H12O6 + 6O2

The sun is the ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth.
Plants capture solar energy to carry out photosynthesis.
All organisms obtain their energy by metabolizing nutrient molecules produced by plants and other autotrophs.

Respiration is the process of gas exchange between the body's cells and the environment.
In terrestrial vertebrates, respiration includes these steps:
- Ventilation (breathing): Includes inspiration and expiration.
- External Respiration: Gas exchange between the air and the blood within the lungs.
- Internal Respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and the body's cells.
Oxygen enters the mitochondria for cellular respiration, which is the process of releasing energy from digested food.

Life comes only from life.
All living things have the ability to reproduce and create offspring.
Unicellular organisms reproduce asexually by splitting in two.
Multicellular organisms reproduce mostly through sexual reproduction which involves the pairing of a sperm and an egg.

Adaptation is the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment.
Natural selection acts upon heritable variations over generations, leading to adaptation.
Adaptation is crucial for survival.

The process by which a living organism maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.
The term "homeostasis" was coined by Walter Cannon in 1930.
Examples of homeostasis:
- Body temperature regulation
- Blood pressure regulation
- Blood sugar regulation

The ability to move and the act of moving from one place to another.
All living organisms, excluding plants, have the ability to move to:
- Find food
- Seek shelter
- Escape predators
- Other reasons

Growth: Increase in size, weight, and complexity of a body or its organs.
Development: Refers to the physiological and functional maturation of an organism.

States that:
- All organisms are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
- Cells come only from pre-existing cells.
- This theory is based on the work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.

Lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.
DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid.
More simple in structure than eukaryotic cells.
Live in a variety of environments including:
- Air
- Bodies of water
- Soil
- In and on other organisms
Examples: Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea.

Contain a membrane-bound nucleus.
Have organelles enclosed by membranes.
More complex than prokaryotic cells.
Examples of eukaryotic cells include:
- Animal cells
- Plant cells
- Fungi
- Protists