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Hip Anatomy

• Key Components:
  • Bones:
    • Femur: Connects to the pelvis at the hip joint.
    • Pelvis: Consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  • Joint:
    • Coxofemoral Joint: Permits movement between the acetabulum (pelvis) and the head of the femur.
  • Associated Structures:
    • Cartilage: Covers the acetabulum and femoral head, reducing friction.
    • Ligaments:
      • Iliofemoral ligament: Prevents hyperextension.
      • Pubofemoral ligament: Limits abduction and extension.
      • Ischiofemoral ligament: Prevents hyperextension, contributes to stability.
    • Synovial Bursae: Reduce friction between bones and soft tissues.

Important Muscles

• Hip Flexors:
  • Psoas Major: Essential for flexion and stabilization.
  • Iliacus: Works with the psoas major.
• Hip Extensors:
  • Gluteus maximus: Primary hip extensor.
  • Hamstrings: Assist in extension during walking and running.
• Abductors:
  • Gluteus Medius & Minimus: Stabilize the pelvis during walking.
• Adductors:
  • Adductor Longus, Brevis, & Magnus: Facilitate adduction of the thigh.

Hip Function

• Enables movement in multiple planes: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation.
• Supports the body's weight in standing and during locomotion.

Common Hip Irregularities

• Hip Dysplasia: Abnormal development of the hip joint.
• Arthritis: Inflammation affecting mobility, causing pain.
• Tendon Injuries: Primarily affecting flexors and extensors.

Hip Vascularization

• Femoral Artery: Primary blood supply to the hip.
• Branches of Iliac Arteries: Supply blood to the pelvic area.

Hip Innervation

• Sciatic Nerve: Controls the hamstrings.
• Femoral Nerve: Innervates the hip flexor muscles.