Psychology Midterm Review

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Questions and Answers

Franz Josef Gall proposed that the shape and bumps of the head could reveal what aspects of a person?

  • Physical strength, athletic ability, and coordination
  • Susceptibility to diseases, allergies, and genetic disorders.
  • Intelligence, moral character, and personality (correct)
  • Artistic talent, musical aptitude and creativity

Which of the following best describes the physiological change associated with cataracts?

  • Degeneration of the retina, leading to loss of central vision.
  • Clouding of crystalline lens within the eye. (correct)
  • Inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing redness and irritation.
  • Increased pressure within the eye, damaging the optic nerve.

What does the acronym REM stand for in the context of sleep research?

  • Random Episodic Memory
  • Rapid Eye Movement (correct)
  • Retinal Electrical Measurement
  • Regulated Energy Metabolism

The absolute threshold in the context of sensory perception is best defined as:

<p>The intensity at which a stimulus is detected 75% of the time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lists the five major perspectives of psychology?

<p>Psychodynamic, Evolutionary, Humanistic, Neuroscience, and Cognitive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In psychological research, what distinguishes an experimental study from a descriptive or correlational study?

<p>Experimental studies involve intentional manipulation of variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships, while others primarily describe or relate variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the relationship between cutaneous senses and the somatosensory system?

<p>The cutaneous senses and the somatosensory system are essentially the same, referring to sensory perception of the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Freudian psychology, how does the 'id' primarily function?

<p>It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires and instincts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the field of psychology, what differentiates it from other social sciences?

<p>Psychology uniquely integrates the study of behavior and mental processes using scientific methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pupil in the process of vision?

<p>To control the amount of light that enters the eye. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most closely associated with the concept of wavelength?

<p>Light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did research on animal intelligence most significantly impact the field of psychology?

<p>It raised concerns about the validity and applicability of generalizing animal behavior to human behavior, questioning some research methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of thought was founded by John B. Watson?

<p>Behaviorism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering common career paths for psychologists, which of the following represents a frequent area of employment?

<p>Private consultation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the nature of sensory systems?

<p>Sensory systems are specialized pathways that process information from the environment and within the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sigmund Freud is most notably associated with the establishment of which psychological approach?

<p>Psychoanalysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does sensory adaptation occur when a stimulus is applied for an extended period?

<p>Sensory neurons decrease their firing rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason psychological experiments are conducted involving human participants?

<p>To directly study human behavior and cognition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theoretical approach was most strongly associated with Wilhelm Wundt's 1st psychology lab?

<p>Structuralism, analyzing the basic elements of consciousness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the central core (old brain) across different species?

<p>It regulates basic survival functions common to many species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insomnia primarily disrupt an individual's well-being?

<p>By preventing restful sleep, leading to fatigue and impaired cognitive function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of psychology did William James focus on when he set up the 2nd psychological lab?

<p>Studying the purpose and function of behavior in real-world contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical belief is related to trepanation (creating a hole in the skull), and what was the intent behind it?

<p>Preventing demonic possession by releasing evil spirits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an individual dreams every night, what is the range of the approximate number of dreams that an average human experiences by age 70, assuming they dream regularly?

<p>Around 150,000 dreams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Sensory Adaptation

The reduced response to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.

1st Psychology Lab Location

The first psychology lab was founded in Lepzig, Germany.

Central Core (Old Brain)

The 'old brain' structures common to vertebrates.

Insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.

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2nd Psychology Lab

William James established the second known psychology lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts

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Dreams by Age 70

Humans experience approximately 150,000 dreams by age 70.

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Physiological Psychology

The study of the chemical and physical processes of living organisms.

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Basic Research

Basic research is conducted to explore theories

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Applied Research

Applied research is preformed to solve problems

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Behaviorism

The school of thought founded by John B. Watson that focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states.

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Pupil

The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

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Cutaneous Senses (Somatosensory System)

The system responsible for our sense of touch, including pressure, pain, and temperature.

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Light

A form of electromagnetic radiation that is measured in wavelengths and allows us to see.

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Id

the primitive, impulsive and irrational unconscious that operates solely on the outcome of pleasure or pain and is responsible for instincts to sex and aggression.

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Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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Psychoanalysis

A field established by Sigmund Freud, focusing on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences to explain behavior.

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Common employment areas for psychologists

Federal, State and local government.

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Franz Josef Gall

Believed head shape reveals intelligence and character.

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Cataract

Eye disorder where the lens becomes cloudy.

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REM

Stands for Rapid Eye Movement.

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Absolute Threshold

The minimum stimulus intensity detected 50% of the time.

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5 Major Perspectives of Psychology

Psychodynamic, Evolutionary, Humanistic, Neuroscience, Cognitive.

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Experimental Manipulation in Research

Researchers manipulate variables to observe effects on behavior.

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Study Notes

  • The quiz was started on Friday, 7 February 2025, at 12:35 PM.
  • The quiz was finished on Saturday, 8 February 2025, at 7:54 AM.
  • The time taken to complete the quiz was 19 hours and 19 minutes.
  • Reneau Rigby-Uptagrafft scored 88 out of 100 on the quiz.

Topics Covered in the Quiz

  • Sensory adaptation does not occur after being exposed to a stimulus for an extended period is false.
  • Psychological experiments occur on rats and animals (not only humans) is false.
  • The first psychological lab was located in Leipzig, Germany.
  • The Central Core is similar in all old brain vertebrates.
  • Insomnia is a sleep disorder that keeps the person awake.
  • William James, Cambridge Massachusetts set up the 2nd known psychological lab.
  • It was believed that evil spirits escaped spirits escaped trough a small hole called a trapped door False.
  • On average, humans experience 150K dreams by age 70.
  • Watching people in the airport is research is false.
  • John B. Watson was the founder of Behaviorism.
  • When we see an object, light from that object passes through the pupil.
  • Research discovered that animal intelligence was meaningless and difficult to prove.
  • The five senses are known as the sensory system.
  • Light is measured in wavelengths.
  • The 'id' is the primitive, impulsive, and irrational unconscious that operates solely on the outcome of pleasure or pain and is responsible for instincts related to sex and aggression.
  • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
  • The cutaneous senses is the same as the somatosensory system.
  • Psychoanalysis was established by Sigmund Freud.
  • A common area for employment for psychologists is state and local government.
  • Franz Josef Gall believed that trained observers could discern intelligence, moral character, and personality from the shape and bumps to the head.
  • A cataract is an eye disorder in which the lens becomes cloudy.
  • REM is the acronym for Rapid Eye Movement.
  • The absolute threshold detects a stimulus 50% of the time.
  • The 5 major perspectives of psychology are: Psychodynamic, Evolutionary, Humanistic, Neuroscience, Cognitive.
  • Some researchers intentionally manipulate events or circumstances and then measure the effects of those manipulations on subsequent behavior.

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