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What is defined as an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden, or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law?
What is defined as an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden, or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law?
Crime
What term is used to describe any illegal act for which knowledge of computer technology is essential for a successful prosecution?
What term is used to describe any illegal act for which knowledge of computer technology is essential for a successful prosecution?
Computer crime
According to one information security expert, "cybercrime" is any criminal activity that involves network access and results in unauthorized modifications to a computer system.
According to one information security expert, "cybercrime" is any criminal activity that involves network access and results in unauthorized modifications to a computer system.
False
What is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied building or space without the owner’s permission?
What is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied building or space without the owner’s permission?
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What term coined by William Gibson in 1984 refers to a nebulous place where humans interact over computer networks?
What term coined by William Gibson in 1984 refers to a nebulous place where humans interact over computer networks?
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What kind of cybercrime involves using a computer to steal person’s identity for financial gain?
What kind of cybercrime involves using a computer to steal person’s identity for financial gain?
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Which of the following is a type of cybercrime that uses electronic means to harass or stalk an individual or group?
Which of the following is a type of cybercrime that uses electronic means to harass or stalk an individual or group?
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Which of these is a type of cybercrime involves altering raw data before it is processed by a computer to manipulate financial transactions?
Which of these is a type of cybercrime involves altering raw data before it is processed by a computer to manipulate financial transactions?
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What type of cybercrime is considered the intentional disruption of a computer system or network to harm its reputation or prevent it from operating normally?
What type of cybercrime is considered the intentional disruption of a computer system or network to harm its reputation or prevent it from operating normally?
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What type of cybercrime can spread to other computers without the user's knowledge or permission?
What type of cybercrime can spread to other computers without the user's knowledge or permission?
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What type of cybercrime uses misleading emails or websites pretending to be legitimate to collect personal information, often leading to financial loss?
What type of cybercrime uses misleading emails or websites pretending to be legitimate to collect personal information, often leading to financial loss?
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What term refers to a group of computers that are secretly controlled by software containing harmful programs, often used for malicious activities?
What term refers to a group of computers that are secretly controlled by software containing harmful programs, often used for malicious activities?
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How do attackers usually gain control of a computer to create a botnet?
How do attackers usually gain control of a computer to create a botnet?
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Botnets are only used to spread malware. They cannot be used for other malicious purposes, such as denial-of-service attacks.
Botnets are only used to spread malware. They cannot be used for other malicious purposes, such as denial-of-service attacks.
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What type of cybercrime refers to sending a large number of emails to the victim to crash their email account or email server or to disrupt their business operations?
What type of cybercrime refers to sending a large number of emails to the victim to crash their email account or email server or to disrupt their business operations?
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Salami attacks are very effective at quickly draining a victim's entire bank account.
Salami attacks are very effective at quickly draining a victim's entire bank account.
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What type of cybercrime is a malicious program intentionally inserted into software that is activated under specific conditions, often causing harm or disrupting the system?
What type of cybercrime is a malicious program intentionally inserted into software that is activated under specific conditions, often causing harm or disrupting the system?
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What is one example of IP Crime? What is the act of stealing software, business strategies, or other intellectual property to benefit financially?
What is one example of IP Crime? What is the act of stealing software, business strategies, or other intellectual property to benefit financially?
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What term refers to unauthorized access to a computer system or network to gain access to data or resources?
What term refers to unauthorized access to a computer system or network to gain access to data or resources?
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What type of cybercrime occurs when someone forcibly takes control of a website, often by using password sniffing to gain access and modify its content?
What type of cybercrime occurs when someone forcibly takes control of a website, often by using password sniffing to gain access and modify its content?
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What type of cybercrime is a controversial topic?
What type of cybercrime is a controversial topic?
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What term refers to the concept that a company is not just made up of its employees, but also its business partners, suppliers, and even its customers?
What term refers to the concept that a company is not just made up of its employees, but also its business partners, suppliers, and even its customers?
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According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), what was the percentage increase in cybercrime cases registered in India between 2006 and 2007?
According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), what was the percentage increase in cybercrime cases registered in India between 2006 and 2007?
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What was enacted in India after the United Nation General Assembly Resolution A/RES/51/162 in January 30, 1997?
What was enacted in India after the United Nation General Assembly Resolution A/RES/51/162 in January 30, 1997?
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The Indian government has not yet established a dedicated cybersecurity agency to address cybercrime.
The Indian government has not yet established a dedicated cybersecurity agency to address cybercrime.
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The global community is beginning to recognize the importance of cybersecurity and is working to create international standards and initiatives to address cybercrime.
The global community is beginning to recognize the importance of cybersecurity and is working to create international standards and initiatives to address cybercrime.
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The extended enterprise approach to cybersecurity highlights the need for organizations to focus solely on securing their own internal systems and data.
The extended enterprise approach to cybersecurity highlights the need for organizations to focus solely on securing their own internal systems and data.
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The 5P Netizen mantra for online security includes Precaution, Prevention, Protection, Preservation, and Perception.
The 5P Netizen mantra for online security includes Precaution, Prevention, Protection, Preservation, and Perception.
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What is the motto for safeguarding online security according to the Netizen principle?
What is the motto for safeguarding online security according to the Netizen principle?
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According to NASSCOM, reporting instances of cybercrime is not important.
According to NASSCOM, reporting instances of cybercrime is not important.
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India is the only country facing challenges with cybercrime.
India is the only country facing challenges with cybercrime.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Cybercrime
- Cyber security protects internet-connected systems (hardware, software, data) from attacks.
- Cybersecurity protects information, equipment, devices, computers, resources, and communications from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
- The internet's rapid growth has led to a new form of exploitation: cybercrime.
Cybercrime: Definition and Origins
- Cybercrime is a crime committed using a computer as a primary tool.
- Alternative definitions:
- Illegal acts requiring specialized computer knowledge.
- Existing crimes with a new dimension or order of magnitude due to computers.
- Financial dishonesty in computer environments.
- Threats to computer hardware or software, damage, or demands for money.
Cybercrime Trends
- Indian corporate and government sites were attacked or defaced over 780 times between February 2000 and December 2002.
- In 2009, 3,286 Indian websites were hacked in five months.
- Various cybercrimes are registered with differing motives and suspects in states and union territories.
- A graph depicts cybercrime trends from 2004 to 2008.
Types of Cybercriminals
- Type I: Seek recognition (hobby hackers, IT professionals, politically motivated hackers, terrorists).
- Type II: Not interested in recognition (psychological perverts, financially motivated hackers, state-sponsored hackers, organized criminals).
- Type III: Insiders (disgruntled or former employees, competing companies).
Cybercrime Classifications
- Cybercrime in a Narrow Sense: The computer is the object of the crime (hacking, sabotage, DDoS-attacks, virtual child pornography).
- Cybercrime in a Broad Sense: The computer is a tool for committing other crimes (computer fraud, distribution of child pornography, etc).
- Cybercrime in a Contextual Sense: The computer is a non-substantial aid to a crime (murder, bank robbery, drug trade).
Cybercrime Types
- Phishing: Tricking users into revealing sensitive information through disguised emails or websites.
- Cyberspace: The virtual space where computer networks connect.
- Cybersquatting: Registering domain names intentionally to profit from others' trademarks.
- Cyberterrorism: The use of technology to intimidate or cause harm for political purposes.
- Cyberwarfare: Information attacks against computer networks to damage systems or destroy critical infrastructure.
- Cyberpunk: A cultural movement emphasizing technology and individuality.
- Denial-of-Service (DoS): Attacker floods a system with traffic to overwhelm it.
- Virus Attacks: Malicious code that replicates, spreading through computer systems.
- Online Fraud: Misrepresenting information to obtain money or other assets through emails or websites.
- Email spoofing: Sent from a fake email address.
- Logic bomb: A software program that executes a malicious action when certain conditions are met.
- Trojan Horse: Software that appears beneficial but hides malware.
- Data diddling: Altering data just before or after processing.
- Newsgroup spam: Unsolicited messages posted to online forums.
- Industrial spying: Gaining sensitive information about an organization.
Cybercrime Against Organizations
- Unauthorized Computer Access: Gaining access to computer systems without permission.
- Password Sniffing: Detecting and recording user passwords.
- Denial-of-Service Attacks: Flood a network with traffic to deny service.
- Virus Attacks: Introduction of malicious code that spreads through networks.
Cybercrime Against Individuals
- Email Spoofing: Misrepresenting an email address to trick recipients.
- Online Frauds: Using deceptive practices to obtain money or information.
- Phishing, Spear Phishing, Vishing, Smishing: Fraudulent methods to acquire personal information.
- Cyber defamation: Posting harmful or inaccurate online content damaging a person’s reputation.
- Cyberstalking/harassment: Using the internet to threaten or harass.
- Computer Sabotage: Damaging a computer system by introducing worms, viruses or logic bombs.
Cybercrime and Information Security
- Cybercrimes are increasing in both frequency and sophistication.
- Protecting financial systems and resources is vital in reducing cybercrime occurrences.
- Preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure and disruption of computer systems is crucial.
Cybercrimes in India
- Cybercrime rates in India have been increasing.
- Indian youth are major perpetrators of cyber activities.
- Cybercrime laws help address the issue.
Global Perspective on Cybercrimes
- Cybercrime is a global problem with no specific country or location.
- There are a variety of ways that cybercrimes occur.
- It's difficult to have a clear global definition and identification for cybercrimes, because they often involve tools and methods that aren’t clearly classified.
Cybercrime Era: A Survival Mantra for Netizens
- It is the responsibility of each user to be aware of online dangers.
- Netizens must use precaution, prevention, protection, preservation, and perseverance to stay secure.
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