Questions and Answers
What was the primary cause of the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta feared the growing power and influence of the Athenian Empire.
When did the Peloponnesian War begin?
After the Persian War ended in 449 B.C.
Why did the war outbreak?
Differences between Athenian and Spartan societies, inability to maintain unity after defeating the Persians, and cultural differences.
What is the difference between Sparta and Athens?
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What were the long term effects of the Peloponnesian War?
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What were the immediate effects of the Peloponnesian War?
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How did the Persian Wars affect the Peloponnesian War?
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Study Notes
Causes of the Peloponnesian War
- Sparta feared Athenian expansion and power, leading to increasing tensions.
- War began after the Persian War, around 449 B.C.
- Cultural and societal differences between Athens and Sparta fueled conflict.
- Both city-states had trouble maintaining unity after their alliance against Persia.
- Loyalty to individual city-states often took precedence over broader Greek unity.
Differences Between Sparta and Athens
- Sparta was conservative, ruled by a dual monarchy, and focused on military strength while remaining insular.
- Athens was progressive, governed by elected officials (Archons), and sought to dominate surrounding territories.
Immediate Effects of the Peloponnesian War
- Sparta emerged victorious, subsequently dismantling the Athenian fleet and empire.
- A new power dynamic shifted in Greece, with Sparta momentarily leading.
Long Term Effects of the Peloponnesian War
- Athenian supremacy in the Greek world came to an end, marking a downturn in their influence.
- The war led to a decline in morale and vitality among Athenians.
- Ongoing disputes among city-states weakened Greece as a whole, making it vulnerable to future conquests.
- The civil strife not only affected Athens but weakened all of Greece, paving the way for Macedonian dominance in the mid-4th century B.C.
Impact of the Persian Wars
- The Persian Wars, spurred by King Darius's desire for expansion, set the stage for future conflicts.
- Persian defeat at battles like Marathon led to Darius's humiliation and ongoing wars fueled by pride.
- Greek forces demonstrated resilience, achieving victories that showcased their military prowess against larger Persian forces.
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