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Poverty Point

A ceremonial enclosure built around 1500 BCE in Louisiana. It is known for its massive earthworks and complex geometry, suggesting advanced planning and social organization.

Adena Culture

An ancient Native American culture that thrived in the Ohio Valley from 400 BCE to 1 CE, known for their distinctive mound building and elaborate burial practices.

Hopewell Culture

An ancient Native American culture in the Ohio River Valley from 200 BCE to 400 CE, famous for its intricate mound complexes, elaborate ceremonial objects, and extensive trade networks.

Mississippian Culture

A Native American culture flourishing in the Mississippi Valley from c. 800 to 1600 CE, known for its large, complex settlements, sophisticated agriculture, and impressive mound constructions.

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Cahokia

The largest and most complex ancient city in North America, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri, with a population estimated at over 20,000 people.

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What is a 'Shell Gorget?'

A decorative piece of jewelry worn around the neck, often made from shell, bone, or stone, and adorned with intricate carvings, designs, or symbolic motifs.

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What are 'Rock Paintings?'

Art created by painting or etching images directly onto rock surfaces, commonly found in caves, shelters, and open rock formations.

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What is a 'War Club?'

A heavy club, often made of wood, stone, or bone, used as a weapon in warfare, typically with a blunt or spiked head.

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Study Notes

Test Information

  • Test #3 will occur on Thursday, December 12th at 9:00 AM.
  • Students need to bring a blue book.
  • The test covers slide images from Week 11 through Week 15.

Test Instructions

  • Students will need to identify slide images by artist's name (if known), artwork title, and creation date.
  • Students will need to compare and contrast two sets of images, focusing on cultural, political, religious/spiritual, and artistic significance.

Artwork Examples

  • Watson Break, Louisiana, c. 4,000 BCE (ceremonial enclosure)
  • Poverty Point, Louisiana, c. 1500 BCE (ceremonial enclosure reconstruction)
  • Adena culture, Sparks Mound, Ohio, Wilmington Tablet, 400 BCE-1 CE (stone tablet)
  • Adena Culture, Adena Mound, Ross County, Ohio, Human Effigy pipe, 100 BCE-100 CE (pipe)
  • Hopewell artist, Ohio Hopewell Culture, Mound 25, Hopewell Site, Ron County, OH, Mica ornament in the shape of hand, 200 BCE-400 CE (mica ornament)
  • Havana culture artist, Bedford Mound, Pike County, Illinois, Beaver effigy platform pipe, 100 BCE-200 CE (pipe)
  • Anishinaabe artist, Agawa site, north shore of Lake Superior, Rock paintings of the Mishipeshu, a Canoe, and Serpents, probably 17th c.-18th c. (rock paintings)
  • Fort Ancient Culture, Adams County, Ohio, Aerial view of Great Serpent Mound, c. 1000 CE (mound)
  • Mississippian shell gorget, Castalian Springs, Tennessee, c. 1250-1350 (shell gorget)
  • Caddoan artist, Water vessel, 1500-1700 (pottery)
  • Mississippian artist, Spiro, Resting warrior effigy pipe, 1200-1320 CE (pipe)
  • Nanih Waiya mound, Cahokia site, 300-600 CE (mound)
  • Choctaw artist, Mississippi, Beaded sash, before 1812 (sash)
  • Clara Darden, Nested covered baskets, 1904 (baskets)
  • Sarah Sense, Present State of the English, 2022 (map)
  • Seminole Man and Children Wearing Patchwork Clothing, c. 1900 (clothing)
  • Virginia Algonkian Artist, Deerskin robe (Powhatan's mantle), before 1638 (robe)
  • NE Woodland artist, War Club, 1620-80 (war club)
  • Anishinaabe artist, Double-headed drum, late 18th c. (drum)
  • Norval Morrisseau, Androgyny, 1983 (painting)
  • Jean Baptiste Assiginack and his wife, Canoe model with six warriors, 1815-27 (canoe)
  • Anishinaabe artist, Shoulder bag, c. 1760-84 (bag)
  • Photo of Sophia Smith (Minnesota Ojibwe) with a bandolier bag, 1890s (photo)
  • Meskwaki artist, blanket with ribbon appliqué, c. 1880 (blanket)
  • Delaware artist, Bandolier bag, c. 1850-70 (bag)
  • Anishinaabe artist, Man's outfit, c. 1790 (outfit)
  • Dennis Cusick, Church collection box, 1821-22 (box)
  • Wendat artist possibly Marguerite Vincent Lawinonkie, Moccasins, 1847-53 (moccasins)
  • Samuel Thomas, Haudenosaunee woman's outfit, 2001 (outfit)
  • George Catlin, Mah-to-toh-pa, Four Bears, Second Chief, in Full Dress, 1832 (painting)
  • Big Horn Medicine Wheel, Wyoming, c. 1760 (stones)
  • Wohaw (Kiowa), Between Two Worlds, 1876 (drawing)
  • Arapoosh (Sore Belly)-Crow, War Shield, c. 1820 (shield)
  • Mandan artist, Buffalo robe painted with narrative scenes, c. 1800 (robe)
  • Sherman Chaddlesone, Jeff Yellowhair and other members of the Black Leggings Warrior Society (Kiowa), Tipi with Battle Pictures, 2008 (tipi)
  • Paukeigope (Kiowa), Cradleboard, late 19th c. (cradleboard)
  • Silver Horn (Kiowa), Mine-yock Kills a Pawnee, 1883 (drawing)

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